











r* 
















* 

s . 
















.. . 




























4 


* 












■% 






.dRdP'-* ; '.£J 


r * { • -5(i ^fv ■!/ &&J' 




' V 










vi;- 'c V: ;jv’ ;j&f 















AN OUTLINE 


IN 


English and American 

Literature 

BY 

W. E.WENNER 

h 

FREDERICKSBURG, OHIO 


CHICAGO: 

A. FLANAGAN COMPANY 




LIBRARY of CONGRESS 
two Copies Received 

JIJL 12 1905 

st Gouyrifciu tuny 

)LoUc4/i‘/q of 

Xl^SS“ &- XXc N« 

^ / 2 iS 0 <? 

COPY Is. ' 


T TTF7 

,V /^3 


COPYRIGHT 1905 
By A. Flanagan Company 





TO THE STUDENT. 


. The immortal Southey once said: “Order is the 
sanity of the mind, the health of the body, the peace 
of the city, the security of the state. As the beams 
to a house, as the bones to the microcosm of man, 
so is order to all things.” 

In nothing is this more true than in the study of 
the history of literature. That we may come to 
appreciate the beauty and strength of literature, it 
is necessary that we acquaint ourselves with those 
who have contributed largely to its growth, and 
that we know something of the conditions under 
which their best, thought was given to the world. 

For the average student to make the acquaintance 
of all who have in a large or a small degree en¬ 
riched our literature, would be an impossibility. 
But men rich in the power of discrimination, wise 
in judgment, have made it possible for every stu¬ 
dent to come into possession of the best things in 
the literary world. They have grouped the authors 
in such a manner as to give us the most compre¬ 
hensive view of the field with the least possible 
expenditure of time and energy. 

By following an outline one may gain a definite 
knowledge of literary development, and, either in 
connection with the historical study, or subsequent 
thereto, begin a study of the masterpieces. 

In order to help the younger students of literature,. 
especially, this brief outline has been prepared. 



IV 


To the Student. 


Care has been taken to arrange the work in such 
a way as to prevent its being cumbersome and yet 
to retain all the important characters. Brief, char¬ 
acteristic quotations are given; these may be mem¬ 
orized if desirable. The questions following each 
period are merely suggestive, and the lists may be 
very largely extended. 

The earnest student who takes this little guide¬ 
book with him to the library may find it helpful. 
Hje must remember, however, that it is merely the 
bare skeleton, and that with him lies the responsi¬ 
bility of adding flesh and blood. 

There is but one means of attaining a true knowl¬ 
edge of letters, and that is direct, personal contact 
with the masters themselves. We must catch their 
spirit as fully as possible. For the attainment of 
this end a certain amount of intensive study is 
necessary—word study and analysis—but care must 
be taken not to carry this language study so far 
as to kill the true spirit. 

With the earnest hope that this little book may 
prove helpful, to the younger students at least, it is 
sent forth. W. 

No matter how poor I am, no matter though the pros¬ 
perous of my own time will not enter my obscure dwelling 
—if the sacred virtues will enter and take up their abode 
under my roof; if Milton will sing of Paradise, and Shakes¬ 
peare open to me the worlds of imagination and the work¬ 
ings of the human heart; if Franklin will enrich me with 
his practical wisdom—I shall not pine for want of in¬ 
tellectual companionship, and I may become a cultivated 
man, though excluded from what is called the best society 
in the place where I live. 


William Ellery Channing. 


LITERATURE. 


i 2 Etymology. 

2 2 Definition. 

i 3 Literature embraces all compositions in writ¬ 
ing or print which preserve the results of ob¬ 
servation, thought, or fancy. — Webster. 

2 3 Literature is the thought of thinking souls. 

— Carlyle. 

3 3 Literature is the immortality of speech. 

— Wilmott. 

4 3 Literature is the highest blossom of the human 
spirit. — Ridpath. 

5 3 The history of English literature is a record 
of the best thoughts that have been expressed 
in the English language. — Halleck. 

3 2 Forms of expression. 

I 3 Prose. 

I 4 Etymology. 

2 4 Definition. 

3 4 Classification. 
i 5 Narration. 

I 6 History. 

I 7 Annals. 

2 7 Chronicles—Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 
3 7 Biography—Plutarch’s Lives. 

4 7 Autobiography—Franklin’s. 

5 7 Diary—C a r 1 y 1 e ’ s Last Written 
Words. 

6 7 Memoirs—Grant’s Memoirs. 



6 


OUTLINES IN 


2 6 Travels—Marco Polo’s Travels. 

3 6 Stories—Hjalmer Hjorth Boyesen’s. 

4 6 Novels—J. Fenimore Cooper’s. 

5 6 News— Record-Herald Items. 

6 6 Letters, etc. 

2 5 Description. 

i 6 Of scenes, objects, persons. 

2 6 Sketches. 

i 7 True—Eliot’s sketch of Tito. 

2 7 Caricature —Examples from Dickens. 
3 5 Exposition. 
i 6 Etymology. 

2 6 Definition. 

3 6 Classification. 
i 7 Public discourse. 
i 8 Sermon. 

2 8 Oration. 

3 8 Lecture. 

4 8 Plea. 

2 7 Essay. 

i 8 Formal—Scientific—Critical. 

2 8 Informal—Instructive—Pleasing. 
3 7 Book Reviews. 

4 7 Editorials. 

5 7 Debate. 

2 3 Poetry. 
i 4 Etymology. 

2 4 Definition. 

3 4 Divisions. 
i 5 Narrative. 
i 6 Classes. 

i 7 Epic or Heroic. 

I s Definition. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


7 


2 8 Best examples. 
i 9 Beowulf. 

2 9 Homer’s Iliad. 

3 9 Virgil’s yEneid. 

4 9 Milton’s Paradise Lost. 

2 7 Mock-Epic. 

3 7 Ballad. 
i 8 Examples. 

i 9 Coleridge’s Ancient Mariner. 

2 9 Chevy Chase (Lord Berners). 

4 7 Allegory. 

I s Bunyan’s Pilgrims’ Progress. 

2 8 Spenser’s Faerie Queen. 

5 7 Descriptive poems. 

i 8 Wreck of the Hesperus— Long¬ 
fellow. 

2 8 Snow Bound— Whittier. 

3 8 Vision of Sir Launfal— Lowell. 
Dramatic. 
i 6 Definition. 

2 6 Classes. 
i 7 Tragedy. 
i 8 Etymology. 

2 8 Definition. 

3 8 Examples. 

i 9 Shakspere’s Macbeth. 

2 9 Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus. 

2 7 Comedy. 
i 8 Etymology. 

2 8 Definition. 

3 8 Examples. 

i 9 Shakspere’s Merry Wives of 
Windsor. 


8 


OUTLINES IN 


2 9 Jonson’s Alchemist. 

3 7 Serio-Comedy. 

i 8 Shakspere’s Merchant of Venice. 

3 5 Lyric. 

i 6 Definition. 

2 8 Classification. 
i 7 As to form. 

i 8 Ode. Ex. The Nativity— Milton. 
2 8 Ballad—Ballad of the Tempest— 
J. T. Fields. 

3 8 Sonnet—On his blindness— Milton. 

On Chillon— Byron. 

4 8 Elegy—Written in a Country 
Churchyard— Thos. Gray. 

5 8 Psalm—The 56th of David. 

6 8 Hymn—God moves in a mysteri¬ 
ous way— Cowper. 

2 7 As to sentiment. 

i 8 Love—Burns’s Highland Mary. 

Riley’s That Old Sweet¬ 
heart of Mine. 

2 8 Sorrow—Shelley’s Adonais. 

Tears, Idle Tears— Ten¬ 
nyson. 

3 8 Adoration—89th Psalm. 

4 8 Patriotism—Hopkinson’s Hail Co¬ 
lumbia. 

O’Reilly’s My Native 
Land. 

4® Didactic. 
i 6 Definition. 

2° Example. 

i 7 Addison’s Campaign. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


9 


5 5 Burlesque. 

6 5 Humorous. 

4 2 Characteristics of good literature. 
i 3 Conformity to the law of purpose. 

2 3 Conformity to the law of unity. 

3 3 Clearness. 

4 3 Energy—Force. 

5 3 Elegance. 

6 3 Ease. 

5 2 Special characteristics of poetry. 

I 3 Sublimity. 

2 3 Beauty. 

3 3 Elegance. 

4 3 Truth. 

5 3 Appeals to the heart. 

6 2 Figures. 

I 3 Of spelling. 

i 4 Syncope—Ex. ne’er. 

2 4 Aphaeresis—Ex. you’ll. 

3 4 Apocope—Ex. Afric. 

4 4 Prosthesis—Ex. Moved. 

5 4 Paragoge—Ex. without^ n. 

6 4 Epenthesis—Ex. nimble. 

7 4 Purposely mis-spelled words—Josh Bill¬ 
ings’s style. 

2 3 Of syntax. 
i 4 Ellipsis. 
i 5 Definition. 

2 5 Asyndeton—Ex. He fought, he bled, he 
died. 

2 4 Pleonasm. 

i 5 Epanalepsis—Same word or clause re¬ 
peated after intervening matter. 


10 


OUTLINES IN 


2 5 Epizeuxis—Ex. “Alone, alone, all alone, 
alone in a wide, wide sea.” 

3 5 Polysyndeton—Ex. “Thine is the king¬ 
dom and the power and the glory.” 

3 4 Enallage. 
i 5 Definition. 

2 5 Four ways in which it may be used. 

3 3 Of thought. 

i 4 Based on association. 
i 5 Metonymy. 

i 6 Cause for effect—Are you reading 
Burns ? 

2 6 Effect for cause—The homed and tot¬ 
tering. 

3 6 Container for contents—The Chair will 
decide. 

4 6 Symbol for the thing denoted—He drew 
his gleaming steel. 

2 5 Synecdoche. 

i 6 Ex. A life on the ocean zvave . 

2 4 Based on resemblance. 
i 5 Expressed. 

i 6 Simile—The music was like the mem¬ 
ory of joys that are past, pleasant and 
mournful to the soul. 

2® Implied. 

i 6 Metaphor—“Night’s candles are burned 
out.” 

2 6 Allegory—Sin and Death in Paradise 
Lost. 

3 6 Personification or Prosopopoeia—“O 
pardon me, thou bleeding piece of 
earth.” 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


11 


4 6 Apostrophe—Ossian’s Address to the 
Moon. 

5 8 Vision—Macbeth’s vision of the ghost. 

Cicero’s vision of ruined Rome. 
6 6 Hyperbole—Rivers of waters ran down 
from mine eyes. 

3 4 Based on contrast. 

i 5 Antithesis—“Better to reign in hell than 
serve in heaven.” 

2 5 Climax—“Can you raise the dead? 

Pursue and overtake the wings 
of time? 

And bring about again the hours, 
the days, 

The years that made me happy ?” 
3 5 Anti-climax—“The arm of the Lord is as 
fixed as fate, as sure as eternity, as 
strong as the rock of Gibraltar.” 

4 5 Irony—i Kings, 18:27. 

5 5 Epigram—“The child is father of the 
man.” 

6 5 Interrogation—“Am I my brother’s 

keeper ?” 

7 5 Wit—Writings of Swift. 

8 5 Humor—Writings of Holmes. 

9 5 Parallel—Extended antithesis. 
io 5 Exclamation—Oh, the wild joys of liv¬ 
ing ! 

4 4 Other figures. 

i 5 Euphemism—The lady is given to exag¬ 
geration. 

2 5 Allusion—He is the Gladstone of Amer¬ 


ica. 


12 


OUTLINES IN 


3 5 Onomatopoeia—Ex. The Bells, by Poe. 

4 5 Paraleipsis—I shall not mention the Joss 
of his fortune. 

5 5 Litotes—I am a citizen of no mean city. 
6 5 Alliteration—“On a May morning on 
Malvern hills.” 

GENERAL QUESTIONS 

1. What is blank verse? Mention a few poems 
written in this style. 

2. What is the object of pastoral poetry? 

3. Who is called the Father of Pastoral Poetry? 

4. What English authors excel in the writing of 
odes? 

5. Who wrote “Alexander’s Feast”? 

6. Name four leading satirists of the world. 

7. Does the nature of an epic poem demand that 
it shall end successfully? 

8. Is all prose writing classed as literature ? 

9. Discriminate between annals and chronicle. 

10. Distinguish between verse and a verse. 

11. Which is the older, prose or poetry? 

12. What is meant by scansion? 

13. Define literary criticism. 

14. What are the means of acquiring good lit¬ 
erary style? 

15. What is taste? A standard of taste? How 
fixed ? 

16. What are the general characters of .style? 

17. State the advantages in employing figurative 
language. 

18. Read Longfellow’s “Reaper and the Flow¬ 
ers,” and note the figures used. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


13 


19. Distinguish between rhyme and rhythm. 

20. In what kinds of writing is very little figura- 
tive language used? * 

OBSERVATIONS 

1. Books are the windows through which the soul 
looks out.— Henry Ward Beecher. 

2. A good book is the precious life-blood of a 
master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on pur¬ 
pose for a life beyond life.— Milton. 

3. Come and take choice of all my library, and 
so beguile thy sorrow.— Shakspere. 

4. Without books, God is silent, justice dormant, 
natural science at a stand, philosophy lame, letters 
dumb, and all things involved in Cimmerian dark¬ 
ness.— Bartholin. 

5. Every great book is an action and every great 
action is a book.— Martin Luther. 

How Shall We Read? 

1. No profit goes where is no pleasure ta’en; 

In brief, sir, study what you most affect. 

— Shakspere. 

2. (a) Never read a book that is not a year old. 

(b) Never read any but famed books. 

(c) Never read any but what you like. 

— Emerson. 

3. Much reading is like much eating—wholly 
useless without digestion.— Robert South. 

4. It does not matter so much what we read, or 
how we read it, as what we think and how we think 
it.— Charles F. Richardson . 


14 


OUTLINES IN 


5. Some readers enjoy without judgment; others 
judge without enjoyment; and some there are 
who judge while they enjoy and enjoy while they 
judge.— Goethe. 

6. He picked something out of everything he 
read.— Pliny. 

7. No entertainment is so cheap as reading nor 
any pleasure so lasting .—Lady Montague. 

8. Read much but not many works .—Sir William 
Hamilton. 

Many teachers and students, as well as other peo¬ 
ple with some inclination to the study of literature, 
frequently inquire what books constitute a good 
general library for the person with somewhat lim¬ 
ited means. Below we venture to give a classified 
list which, although by no means extensive, will 
stand the test for quality, and will be an honor to 
any home or school. 


POETRY 

From the Older Masters 
Homer’s Iliad; Chapman’s Translation. 

Dante’s Divine Comedy; Longfellow’s Translation. 
Virgil’s ^Fneid; William Morris’s Translation. 

The Book of Job; both versions. 

From the Later Masters 
Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales. 

Marlowe’s Tamburlaine. 

Dryden’s Poems. 

Shakspere’s Works; Rolfe or Hudson Edition. 
Goethe’s Faust; Bayard Taylor’s Translation. 
Poems by: 

Scott. 

Wordsworth. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


15 


Robert Browning. 
Mrs. Browning. 
Alfred Tennyson. 
Longfellow. 
Bryant. 

Whittier. 

Burns. 

Pope. 

Milton. 

Keats. 


ESSAYS AND BIOGRAPHIES 

Plutarch’s Lives. 

Bacon’s Essays. 

Emerson’s Essays. 

Essays of Elia—Lamb. 

Macaulay’s Essays. 

Irving’s Works. 

Burke’s Essays and Speeches. 

The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table—Holmes. 
Life of Lincoln—Tarbell. 

Life of Washington. 

Memoirs of Henry Drummond. 

Life of Frances Willard. 

Life of William McKinley. 

Life of William E. Gladstone. 

Blaikie’s Life of David Livingstone. 

FICTION 

Les Miserables—Victor Hugo. 

Ivanhoe. 

Kenilworth. 0 , 

—Scott. 

Guy Mannenng. 

The Talisman. 

Robinson Crusoe—Daniel DeFoe. 

Uncle Tom’s Cabin—H. B. Stowe. 

Romola—George Eliot. 

Scarlet Letter—Hawthorne. 



1G 


OUTLINES IN 


Vanity Fair—Thackeray. 

David Copperfield. 1 
Oliver Twist. V —Dickens. 

Dombey and Son. j 

Hypatia—Charles Kingsley. 

Vicar of Wakefield—Goldsmith. 

Don Quixote de la Mancha—Cervantes. 


—Dickens. 



Pompeii ) 

c —Dulwer-Lytton. 


Jane Eyre—Charlotte Bronte. 
Gulliver’s Travels—Swift. 

Pride and Prejudice—Jane Austen. 
Adam Bede—George Eliot. 


HISTORY AND MYTHOLOGY 


A good classical atlas. 

Smith’s Histories of Greece and Rome. 

Gayley’s Classic Myths. 

Rawlinson’s History of Egypt. 

Morris's Manual of Classical Literature. 

Plato’s Apology of Socrates. 

Addison’s Tragedy of Cato. 

Gibbon’s Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. 

Hadley’s Lectures on Roman Law. 

Guizot’s History of France. 

Hume’s History of England. 

Oman’s England in the Nineteenth Century. 

Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales. 

Froude’s History of England. 

Conquest of Granada—Irving. 

History of Philip II. 

Conquest of Peru. 

Conquest of Mexico. Prescott. 

History of the United States—Bancroft. Ridpath. Mc- 
Master. 

The Fair God—Lew Wallace. 

Our American Government—Hinsdale. 

Industrial Evolution of the United States—Wright. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


17 


New England Legends—Spofford. 

Knickerbocker History of New York—Irving. 

A Half Century of Conflict—Parkman. 

Field Book of the Revolution—Lossing. 

The Presidents of the United States—John Fiske. 
Webster’s Best Speeches—Whipple. 

Historical Collections of Ohio—Howe. 

Ohio History Sketches—Pierson and Harlor. 

History of Political Parties in the United States—Gordy. 

RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY 
Conduct of the Understanding—Locke. 

Essay on Method—Coleridge. 

Novum Organum—Bacon. 

Essays on Speculative Philosophy—Bowen. 

History of European Morals—Lecky. 

First Principles of Philosophy—Spencer. 

The Human Intellect—Porter. 

Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed—Butler. 
Adolescence—G. Stanley Hall. 

The Bible. 

Plato’s Phaedo. 

The Koran. 

Imitation of Christ—Thomas a Kempis. 

Pilgrim’s Progress—Bunyan. 

Geikie’s Hours With the Bible. 

Farrar’s Life of Christ. 

Fisher’s History of the Christian Church. 

Smith’s Dictionary of the Bible. 

Drummond’s Natural Law in the Spiritual World. 
Phillips Brooks’s Lectures on Preaching. 

Principles of Ethics—Bowen. 

Remark. —For wide-awake, up-to-date books oti 
religious thought and work of an intensely practi¬ 
cal nature, none excel the publications of the Inter¬ 
national Committee of the Young Men’s Christian 
Association, whose address is 3 West Twenty-ninth 
Street, New York city. 


18 


OUTLINES IN 


GEOGRAPHY 

The Consular Reports, which may be secured from the 
heads of the respective departments. 

Agricultural Reports; free on application to the depart¬ 
ment. 

The Statesman’s Year Book (American edition). 

The Statistical Abstract (Treasury department). 

Gilbert and Brigham’s Physical Geography. 

A first-class atlas. 

Three Years of Arctic Service—Greely. 

History of the American Continent—Shaler. 

Along Alaska’s Great River—Schwatka. 

A Week on the Concord and Merrimac Rivers—Thoreau. 
Picturesque America—Appleton. 

To Cuba and Back—Dana. 

Journey in Brazil—Agassiz. 

The Alhambra—Irving. 

Italian Journeys—Howells. 

Home Life in Germany—Hugo. 

Siberia and the Exile System—George Kennan. 

The Land of the Vedas—Butler. 

The City of Dreadful Night (Calcutta)—Kipling. 
Through the Dark Continent—Stanley. 

Travels in Many Countries—Carpenter. 

NATURE STUDY 

Some good book on Natural History. 

Wood-folk Series—Long. 

Bergen’s Glimpses of the Plant World. 

Nature’s Garden—Blanchan. 

Bird Study—Grant. Eckstrom. Miller. 

A good book on Botany. 

A good book on Geology. 

Wonders of the Yellowstone—Richardson. 

In Bird Land—Keyser. 

The Woods and By-Ways of New England. 

Nature and Man in America—Shaler. 

Views Afoot—Taylor. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


19 


Nature Study and Life—Hodge. 

Little Nature Studies—Burt. 

Sea Stories for Wonder Eyes—Mrs. Hardy. 

Popular Astronomy—Steele. 

Trees in Prose and Poetry—Stone and Fickett. 

FOR THE LITTLE FOLKS ESPECIALLY 

Seed Babies—Margaret Morley. 

Little Flower People—Gertrude Hale. 

Mother Nature’s Children—A. W. Gould. 

Bird World—Stickney. 

Insect Folk—Margaret Morley. 

The Youth’s Companion Series of Nature Readers. 
Geographical Nature Studies—Payne. 

Plants and Their Children—Mrs. W. S. Dana. 

Some Useful Animals—Monteith. 

Child’s Book of Nature—Hooker. 

Friends in Feathers and Fur. 

Some Neighbors with Claws and Hoofs. 

—Johonnot. 

The first six of these are published by Ginn & Co., the 
second six by the American Book Company. 

BOOKS OF A MISCELLANEOUS CHARACTER FOR 
GENERAL CULTURE AND PLEASURE 

Stones Rolled Away—Drummond. 

The Strength of Being Clean—Jordan. 

The Christian Year—Keble. 

Rebecca. 

Timothy’s Quest. 

—Kate Douglas Wiggin. 

A Man’s Value to Society—Dr. Hillis. 

Addresses—Phillips Brooks. 

Talks to Teachers—James. 

Educational Reformers—Quick. 

With Trumpet and Drum—Eugene Field. 

Poems of J. W. Riley. 


20 


OUTLINES IN 


Marse Chan—Thomas Nelson Page. 

A Journey to Nature—J. P. Mowbray. 

Entering on Life—Dr. Geikie. 

The New Era—Dr. Strong. 

Life of Jesus—Renan. 

The Quest of Happiness—Dr. Hillis. 

Christian Ethics—Mark Hopkins. 

A Year in the Fields—Burroughs. 

PEDAGOGY 

Boone’s Education in the United States. 

Campayre’s History of Pedagogy. 

Quick’s Educational Reformers. 

Schaeffer’s Thinking and Learning to Think. 

Hinsdale’s Art of Study. 

James’s Talks to Teachers. 

Warner’s Study of Children. 

Tompkins’s Philosophy of School Management. 

White’s School Management. 

Hughes’s Froebel’s Educational Laws. 

Rosenkrantz’s Philosophy of Education. 

Dewey’s My Pedagogic Creed. 

Page’s Theory and Practice of Teaching. 

Thring’s Theory and Practice of Teaching. 

Bancroft’s School Gymnastics. 

A FEW GOOD REFERENCE BOOKS 

Webster’s International Dictionary. 

Lippincott’s Gazetteer of the World. 

Bulfinch’s Age of Fable. 

A Good Parliamentary Manual—Cushing, Roberts or Reed. 
The International or some other good encyclopedia. 
Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations. 

Rand, McNally & Co. ’s New Standard Atlas of the 
World. 

Smith’s Dictionary of Synonyms. 

A dictionary or encyclopedia of Literature. 

Skeat’s Etymological Dictionary. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


21 


BOOKS FOR THE TEACHER OF THE VERY 
LITTLE TOTS 

Eugene Field’s Book of Thirty Songs. 

Froebel’s Mother Play. 

Wiggin’s Kindergarten Chimes. 

George’s Scissors and Paste. 

Gregory’s Practical Suggestions for Kindergarten. 

Jack and the Bean Stalk Series. 

Sidney’s Five Little Peppers and How They Grew. 
Grimm’s Fairy Tales. 

Love’s Manual Training. 

THIRTY GOOD BOOKS FOR BOYS 

Captains Courageous—Kipling. 

(Lessons of manliness and self-restraint.) 

A Boy’s Town—W. D. Howells. 

(Full of fun and good suggestions.) 

The Boyhood of Lincoln—Hezekiah Butterwortli. 

(Story of backwoods life.) 

Boys of the Central—I. T. Thurston. 

(Story of school life.) 

Being a Boy—Charles Dudley Warner. 

(Full of life and humor.) 

Boys of Other Countries—Bayard Taylor. 

(Very interesting.) 

Cyrus the Magician—David Beaton. 

(Story of early superstition.) 

Dan Drummond of the Drummonds—Zollinger. 

(Story of a bootblack whose motto was. “Pay as you 
go and don’t forget your manners.”) 

Freshman and Senior—Elvirton Wright. 

(Unique and helpful college story.) 

His Best Friend—Jesse Whitcomb. 

(Shows how a living religion makes a boy more manly. 
Not “preachy.”) 

The Hoosier Schoolboy—Eggleston. 

(Sequel to the Hoosier Schoolmaster.) 


22 


OUTLINES IN 


Indian Boyhood—Charles Eastman. 

(Folklore and race character.) 

Jo’s Boys—Louisa M. Alcott. 

(Sequel to Little Men.) 

Patsy—Kate Douglas Wiggin. 

(A little character sketch.) 

Little Lord Fauntleroy—Mrs. Burnett. 

(A most charming book for anybody.) 

The Outdoor Handy Book—D. C. Beard. 

(Practical guide to games of all seasons.) 

Secrets of the Woods—W. J. Long. 

(Interesting to every lover of nature.) 

Stepping Stones—Orison Swett Marden. 

(Good counsel on daily living.) 

Three Boys in the Wild Northland—Egerton R. Young. 

(Travel and adventure. Just the thing.) 

Two Little Confederates—Thomas Nelson Page. 

(Southern life before the war.) 

Winning Out—O. S. Marden. 

(Character building.) 

The Young Reporter-^-William Drysdale. 

(Lessons in thrift, industry, and temperance.) 

The Errand Boy—Horatio Alger, Jr. 

(How a boy won success.) 

With Roberts to Pretoria—G. A. Henty. 

(Story of the Boer War.) 

Professor Pin—Mrs. Frank Lee. 

(Every schoolboy should read it.) 

Captain January—Laura E. Richards. 

(Story of true devotion.) 

Laddie—E. Whitaker. 

(Very patnetic story of an old lady and her son.) 

John Halifax, Gentleman—Miss Mulock. 

(A good story, setting forth true manliness.) 

In the Days of Alfred the Great—E. M. Tappan. 

(Interesting, simple, historically true.) 

The Gap in the Fence—Hattie Jerome. 

(Recommended by Senator Hoar!) 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


23 


THIRTY GOOD BOOKS FOR GIRLS 

The Youngest Girl in School—Evelyn Sharp. 

(A charming and helpful story.) 

We Girls—Mrs. A. D. T. Whitney. 

(Full of life and vigor.) 

An Uncrowned Queen—Mrs. Bernie Babcock. 

(Life story of Miss Willard.) 

A Titled Maiden—Mrs. C. A. Mason. 

(Teaches the beauty of self-denial.) 

A Sweet Girl Graduate—L. T. Meade. 

Sue Orcutt—Charlotte M Yaile. 

(Its influence is that of a living friend.) 

Square Pegs—Mrs. Whitney. 

(Story of the unfolding of character.) 

A Rescued Madonna—Harriet Cheever. 

(A pathetic Easter story. ) 

Pushing to the Front—O. S. Marden. 

(An inspiration to earnest life.) 

The Prince of Peace—Pansy (Mrs. Alden). 

(A beautiful story of Christ.) 

An Old-Fashioned Girl—Louisa M. Alcott. 

(Ranks next to “Little Women’’ in popularity.) 
Melody—Laura E. Richards. 

(A pathetic story of a little blind girl.) 

Margie at the Harbor Light—E. A. Rand. 

(Gives a good idea of the work at a life-saving sta¬ 
tion*.) 

Little Women—Louisa M. Alcott. 

(The best of the series.) 

In the Days of Queen Elizabeth—Eva M. Tappan. 

(Story of the queen’s early life.) 

Clover—Susan Coolidge. 

(A favorite with girls.) 

Brave Heart Elizabeth—Adele Thompson. 

(The heroine is one of the famous Zane family from 
which Zanesville gets its name.) 

The Bird’s Christmas Carol—Kate Douglas Wiggin. 
(The most popular of the series.) 


24 OUTLINES IN 

Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland—Lewis Carroll. 

Not Like Other Girls—Rosa N. Carey. 

The Young Puritans of Old Hadley—Mary P. Smith. 

(An excellent colonial story.) 

The Young Barbarians—Ian Maclaren. 

(A story of school life.) 

What Girls Can Make and Do—Lina and Adelina Beard. 

(Description of lively indoor and outdoor pastimes.) 
Tilda Jane—Marshall Saunders. 

(Story published in the Youth’s Companion.) 

Marse Chan—Thos. Nelson Page. 

(A pathetic southern story.) 

The Romance of American Civilization—Wm. Griffis. 

(How the foundation stones of history were laid.) 
Polly Oliver’s Problem—Kate Douglas Wiggin. 

(Story of a girl who earned her own w r ay.) 

Paul: A Herald of the Cross—Florence Kingsley. 

New England Girlhood—Lusy Larcom. 

(Story of life fifty years ago.) 

Links of Gold—Harriet Cheever. 

(A story of a little missionary society of girls.) 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


25 


OUTLINE OF ENGLISH LITERATURE 

I. Language. 
i 2 Definition. 

2 2 Etymology. 

3 2 Steps in transition. 

i 3 Anglo-Saxon (First English), 450-1150 A. D. 
2 3 Semi-Saxon (Second English), 1150-1250 
A. D. 

3 3 Old English, 1250-1350 A. D. 

4 3 Middle English, 1350-1550 A. D. 

5 3 Modern English, 1550 to the present. 

4 2 Principal elements. 

i 3 Celtic—A few words from the early Britons. 
2 3 Anglo-Saxon—Four-fifths of our common 
words. 

3 3 Danish. 

4 3 Norman. 

5 3 Latin—Almost half of the words in the dic¬ 
tionary are of Latin origin. 

6 3 Ninety per cent of our scientific terms. 

7 3 Hebrew—Poetical and religious. 

5 2 Minor elements and embellishments. 
i 3 Spanish. 

2 3 Italian—Musical terms. 

3 3 French—Language of fashion. 

4 3 Arabic—Commercial and mathematical. 

5 3 A few words from nearly every other lan¬ 
guage. 

6 2 Families. 

i 3 Indo-European, Japhetic, or Aryan. 


26 


OUTLINES IN 


2 3 Semitic, Shemitic, or Syro-Arabian. 

Remark .—These two great families should be 
outlined in full by the student. 

GENERAL QUESTIONS 

1. Distinguish between language and linguistics. 

2. Name ten words derived from each of the 
seven principal elements noted in the outline. 

3. From what languages are most of our terms 
for inventions derived? 

4. What is meant by each of these theories as 
to the origin of language: The bow-wow theory; 
the pooh-pooh theory; the ding-dong theory? 

5. Which of these is “the Onomatopoetic the¬ 
ory,” and what are the arguments in its favor? 

6. What is a dialect? How many are there? 

7. Is English an inflectional language? 

8. Give the origin of the names of the days of 
the week. Of the months. 

9. Distinguish between domesticated and angli¬ 
cized words. Illustrate. 

10. How many words are there in our language? 

11. How many words are used by a person of 
ordinary education? 

12. How many were used by Shakspere? 

13. How does our language compare with others 
in its expressiveness? 

14. What was the earliest language known? 

15. As a language of poetical beauty, how does 
the Hebrew compare with the Greek ? 

16. Is this true: “He who speaks but one lan¬ 
guage knows not his own”? 

17. The inscription on the cross of our Saviour 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


27 


was in three languages—Greek, Hebrew, and Latin. 
Think a moment of their significance in addition to 
their expressiveness. The first is the “language of 
human thought The Hebrew is the “language of 
the human heart” —the emotions. The Latin is “the 
language of the human will.” “How truly and beau¬ 
tifully they represent the tripersonal life of man.” 
Furthermore, they stand for (a) the school, (b) 
the church, (c) the state. 

18. Study this thought from Sherman: “The 
very essence of literature is common service to man¬ 
kind.” 

19. What should be the primary purpose in the 
study of literature ? 

20. De Quincey calls prose “the Literature of 
Knowledge,” and poetry “the Literature of 
Power.” 

“That which informs, coming from the intellect 
and going to the intellect, is prose; that which 
moves, coming from the heart and going to the 
heart, is poetry.”— Sherman. 

QUOTATIONS 

Languages are the pedigree of nations.— Johnson. 

As the confusion of tongues was a mark of sep¬ 
aration, so the being of our language is a mark of 
union.— Bacon. 

Languages are to be learned only by reading and 
talking and not by scraps of authors got by heart. 
— Locke. 

Poetry is the eloquence of truth.— Campbell. 

It is not enough that poetry should be so refined 
as to satisfy the judgment;, it should appeal to our 
feeling and imagination.— Horace . 


28 


OUTLINES IN 


PERIODS OF ENGLISH LITERATURE 

I. Anglo-Saxon (450-1154). 

1. Beowulf—First epic poem. 
i 2 Author unknown. 

2 2 Origin, sixth century. 

3 2 Present form, eighth century. 

4 2 Number of lines. 

5 2 Story. 

2. Caedmon (—680). 
i 2 Inspiration. 

2 2 Paraphrases of Scripture. 

3 2 Prepared the way for “Paradise Lost.” 

3. Aldhelm (656-709). 
i 2 Religious songs. 

i 3 De Laude Virginitatis. 

2 3 Seven Cardinal Virtues. 

4. Alcuin (735-804). 

i 2 Epigrams—Elegies. 

2 2 Destruction of Lindisfarne. 

3 2 Especially noted as a prose writer. 

5. Venerable Bede (673-735). 

(So-called Father of English Prose.) 

I 2 Ecclesiastical History. 

2 2 Translation of St. John’s Gospel. 

3 2 Life of Caedmon. 

4 2 Forty or more less important works. 

6. Alfred the Great (848-901). 

(The true Father of English Prose.— 
Brooke.) 

i 2 Wrote in English. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


29 


2 2 Established a school in his court. 

3 2 Translations and editions. 

i 3 Boethius’s Consolations of Philosophy. 

2 s Bede’s Ecclesiastical History. 

3 3 Gregory’s Pastoral Rule. 

4 3 History of Orosius. 

5 3 Probable contributions to Anglo-Saxon 
Chronicle, which was begun under his 
direction and continued until 1154. 

GENERAL QUESTIONS 

1. Who were the first inhabitants of Britain? 

2. What was the Witan? 

3. Who were these: Alfric, Ethelred, Canute, 
Egbert ? 

4. What were the chief subjects of Anglo-Saxon 
literature ? 

5. Who wrote “The Wanderer,” “The Wife’s 
Complaint,” and “The Ruin”? 

6. Who were the Goths? 

7. Who was Odin ? 

8. What value attaches to the study of the early 
Anglo-Saxon ? 

9. Who were Hengist and Horsa? 

10. When did the Norman conquest occur? 

II. Anglo-Norman or Transition Period (1066- 
1350 ). 

I. General characteristics of the period. 

I 2 Destructive and reconstructive influence of 
the Norman conquest. 

2 2 Social conditions. 

3 2 Feudalism. 


30 


OUTLINES IN 


4 2 Crusades. 

5 2 Development of the Mother Tongue. 

2. Layamon (thirteenth century). 
i 2 Brut, or Chronicle of Britain. 

i 3 Original by Geoffrey of Monmouth. This 
was translated by Wace and his work 
finally translated by Layamon. 

2 3 Alliterative. 

3 3 Length—32,250 lines. 

3. Ormin (thirteenth century). 

i 2 Ormulum (Story of the Gospels). 
i 3 10,000 lines. 

2 3 Peculiarities. 

4. The Ancren Riwle (Rule of the Anchoresses) 
i 2 Author unknown. 

2 2 Code of precepts for nuns. 

5. Scholasticism. 
i 2 Meaning. 

2 2 Dialectics. 

3 2 Leading exponents. 
i 3 Anselm (1033-1109). 

2 3 Robert Grosseteste (1175-1253). 

3 3 Roger Bacon (1214-1294). 
i 4 First great scientist. 

2 4 Works. 

i 5 Opus Majus. 

i 6 Roots of Wisdom. 

2 5 Opus Minus. 

3 5 Opus Tertium. 

3 4 Urged the study of nature by experi¬ 
ment. 

6. Minor authors. 

i 2 William of Malmesbury (1095-1143). 

2 2 Henry of Huntingdon (1154). 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


31 


GENERAL QUESTIONS 

1. Who was Vortigern? 

2. When did the Anglo-Saxon conquest occur ? 

3. What were the influences of chivalry? 

4. Who were the Rhyming Chroniclers? 

5. Who were the Troubadours? Trouveres? 

6. What influence had the Crusades upon the 
western world? 

7. In what great instrument of the thirteenth 
century was English* character asserted ? 

8. Who was Robert Wace ? 

9. Who was the prince of chroniclers? 

10. Who were the three great subjects of romance 
in Europe ? 

11. What remnants of Celts and Cymri are found 
in Europe to-day? 

12. What is called the Iliad of the English lan¬ 
guage? 

13. Who were the Bards? Minstrels? Scalds? 

14. Who has been called the Saxon Milton ? 

15. Who were these: St. Augustine, Asser, St. 
Patrick ? 

16. Distinguish between the Vikings and Sea 
Kings. 

17. What was the home of the Teutons? 

18. What comprised the Saxon Heptarchy? 

19. What was the subject of “The Owl and the 
Nightingale”? 

20. What is meant by “The King’s English”? 

III. The Age of Chaucer (1350-1400). 

1. Characteristics. 


32 


OUTLINES IN 


i 2 Most important century in the history of Eu¬ 
rope. 

2 2 Passing of Feudalism. 

3 2 Revival of Learning and Religion. 

2. Geoffrey Chaucer (1328-1400). 

(Father of English Poetry). 
i 2 Parentage. 

2 2 Education—Cosmopolitan. 

3 2 Political career. 

i 3 Comptroller of Revenue. 

2 3 Diplomat. 

4 2 Intellectual and literary career. 

i 3 His rank—with Spenser, Milton, Shak- 
spere, Tennyson. 

2 3 Literary Periods. . 

i 4 French—The Romaunt of the Rose. 

2 4 Italian—Troilus and Creseide, The Par¬ 
liament of Foules, The House of 
Fame. 

3 4 English period. 

i° Legend of Good Women. 

2 5 Complaint to His Purse. 

3 3 Other productions. 

i 4 Canterbury Tales (collections of sto¬ 
ries). 

2 4 Court of Love (amorous tale). 

3 4 Cuckoo and the Nightingale (celibacy 
and love). 

4 4 The Flower and the Leaf (adventure). 

3. William Langland (1332-1400). 
i 2 The Vision of Piers Plowman. 

i 3 A disclosure of ecclesiastical abuses. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


33 


4. John Gower (1325-1408). 

(Moral Gower). 

i 2 Leading work—Confessio Amantis. 

2 2 Others—Speculum Meditantis; Vox Cla- 
mantis. 

5. John Barbour (1326-1396)—Great Scottish 

poet. 

i 2 History of Robert Bruce (13,000 lines). 

6. John Wycliffe (1324-1384). 

(First Protestant). 
i 2 Translation of the Bible. 

2 2 Objections to Friars. 

3 2 Trialogues—Wisdom, Truth, Falsehood. 

7. John Mandeville (1310-1372). 
i 2 Travels. 

i 3 In Palestine, Egypt, India, Persia, and 
China. 

2 3 Written in Latin, French, and English. 

GENERAL QUESTIONS 

1. From what Latin writer was Chaucer’s 
“House of Fame” borrowed? (Ovid.) 

2. Who has been called a well-spring of English 
undefiled? The Day Star of English Poetry? 

3. What three authors have been termed “The 
Father of English Prose”? 

4. Is the title appropriate to any one? 

5. Who was styled “The Morning Star of the 
Reformation”? 

6. What prince was a patron of letters? 

7. What indignity was shown Wycliffe’s re¬ 
mains ? 


34 


OUTLINES IN 


8. What great war was in progress during this 
period ? 

9. What was the Bruce? 

10. Why was Anselm noted? 

11. Give an example of alliteration. 

12. Who was Blind Harry? 

13. Of what value are the Canterbury Tales? 

14. Who was the first modern poet? (Dante.) 

15. Who first translated the entire Bible? 

QUOTATIONS 

Nature, the vicar of the Almighty Lord.— Chau¬ 
cer. 

Truth is the highest thing a man may keep.— 
Chaucer. 

Let no man his lot despise .—John Gower. 

IV. The Dark Age—From death of Chaucer to 
Age of Elizabeth (1400-1558). 

1. Why barren of great works. 

2. An age of preparation. 

3. Leading Scotch characters. 

i 2 James I. of Scotland (1394-1437). 
i 3 Education at Windsor. 

2 3 The King’s Quhair (Love Lyrics). 

2 2 William Dunbar (1465-1520). 

i 3 The Dance of the Seven Deadly Sins. 

3 2 Gawain Douglas (1474-1522). 

i 3 Translation of Virgil. 

4 2 Blind Harry. 

i 3 Exploits of William Wallace. 

4. Principal English writers. 
i 2 Poets. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


35 


I 3 John Lydgate (1374-1460). 
i 4 Story of Thebes. 

2 4 Fall of Princes. 

3 4 Destruction of Troy. 

2 3 Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503-1542). 

3 3 Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (1516- 

1547 ). 

2 2 Prose writers. 

i 3 William Caxton (1412-1491). 

(Father of the English Press). 
i 4 The Game of Chess. 

2 4 Renard the Fox. 

3 4 Sixty-four books printed. 

2 3 Sir Thomas More (1480-1535). 
i 4 Character. 

2 4 Public services. 

3 4 Cause of breach with Henry VIII. 

4 4 Utopia. 

i 5 Place of ideal perfection. 

5 4 Life of Edward V. 
i 5 First real history. 

3 3 William Tyndale (1480-1536). 

i 4 Translation of New Testament. 

4 3 Roger Ascham (1515-1568). 
i 4 The Schoolmaster. 

2 4 Toxophilus. 

QUESTIONS ON THE DARK AGE 

1. What was the Geneva Bible? 

2. What was the “Ballad of Chevy-Chase”? 

3. From what source did More get the funda¬ 
mental idea of “Utopia”? (Plato’s “Atlantis.”) 

4. Who wrote “Morte d’Arthur”? 


36 


OUTLINES IN 


5. Name five important events of this period. 

6. Who was John Skelton? 

7. In what language was “Utopia” written ? 

8. By whom was printing introduced into Eng¬ 
land ? By whom was it invented ? 

9. What are five early translations of the Bible ? 
What is the Twentieth Century New Testament? 

10. Who were Erasmus and Colet? 

11. Why would “The King’s Quhair” not be an 
acceptable book to-day? 

12. What poets lived during the reign of Henrv 
VIII? 

13* What was the trend or tone of the literature 
of Henry VIII’s time? 

14. What important events occurred in America 
during the period? 

15. What was the Renaissance? 

16. Who were the Christian martyrs of Queen 
Mary’s time ? 

17. What were the Paston Letters? 

18. When did the Italian Renaissance begin, and 
what was its influence upon England? 

19. What was Tyndale’s opinion of the Latin 
language as compared with English? 

20. Who were the Amourists? 

QUOTATION 

To be humble to our superiors is duty; to equals, 
is courtesy; to inferiors, is nobleness; and to all, 
safety.— Sir Thomas More. 

V. The Elizabethan Period (1558-1649). 

1. Characteristics. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


37 


i 2 Freedom of thought. 

2 2 Originality. 

3 2 Prosperity of the nation. 

4 2 Refinement. 

5 2 Perfection of language. 

2. Writers. 

i 2 Poetical. 

i 3 George Gascoigne (1530-1577). 
i 4 Satirical writings. 

2 4 Steel Glass. 

3 4 Fruits of War. 

2 3 Thomas Sackville (1536-1608). 

i 4 Mirror for Magistrates. 

3 s Edmund Spenser (iSSS"^^)* 
i 4 Early life. 

2 4 Greatest poet between Chaucer and 
Shakspere. 

3 4 Faerie Queene. 

4 4 Shepherd’s Calendar. 

5 4 Epithalamium. 

6 4 Mother Hubbard’s Tale. 

4 3 Michael Drayton (1563-1631). 
i 4 Polyolbion. 

2 4 The Barons’ Wars. 

3 4 The Muses’ Elysium. 

5 3 John Donne (1573-1631). 
i 4 Metaphysical. 

2 4 Satirical. 

6 3 Robert Southwell. 

7 3 Samuel Daniel (1562-1619). 

8 3 Robert Herrick (1591-1674). 

3. The Drama. 

I 2 Miracle Plays. 


38 


OUTLINES IN 


i 3 Definition—Examples. 

2 2 Mysteries. 

i 3 Definition—Examples. 

3 2 The Morality. 
i 3 Characters. 

4 2 Transition to regular drama. 

5 2 First English comedy. 

i 3 Ralph Roister Dbister. 

6 2 First English tragedy. 
i 3 Ferrex and Porrex. 

i 4 Authors—Sackville and Norton. 

7 2 First classical play. 

I s Damon and Pythias, by Edwards. 

8 2 First theaters. 

i 3 First patent granted in 1574. 

2 3 Blackfriars Theater built in 1576. 

3 3 “The Theater” and The Curtain were 
built at Shoreditch in 1576. 

4 3 The Globe Theater built for Shakspere. 
in 1599. 

5 3 Time and nature of plays. 

9 2 Second Stage of the Drama (1580-1596). 
i 3 Authors of the period. 

i 4 George Peele (1553-1598). 
i 5 Edward I.—Tragedy. 

2 5 Absalom—Tragedy. 

3 5 King David and Bethsaba. 

2 4 Robert Greene (1560-1592). 

i 5 A Groat’s Worth of Wit Bought with 
a Million of Repentance. 

2 5 Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay. 

3 4 John Lyly (1553-1600). 

I 5 Nine plays—commonplace. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


39 


i 6 Euphues, the Anatomy of Wit. 

2® Euphues and His England. 

4 4 Thomas Kyd (“The Sporting Kyd”). 

i 5 Hieronymo, the Spanish Tragedy. 

5 4 Christopher Marlowe (1563-1593). 
i 5 Stormy life. 

2 5 Greatness. 

3 5 Plays. 
i 6 Faustus. 

2® Tamburlaine. 

3® The Jew of Malta. 

4® Edward II. 

Suggestion —Outline each of the 
above named plays. 

6 4 William Shakspere (1564-1616). 
i 5 Full sketch of his early life. 

2 5 His attachment to the Qobe Theater 
Company. 

3 5 Early Poems. 

1® Venus and Adonis. 

2® The Rape of Lucrece. 

3® Titus Andronicus. 

4® Love’s Labor Lost. 

5® All’s Well That Ends Well. 

4 5 Later Efforts. 

1® Taming of the Shrew. 

2® Merchant of Venice. 

3® As You Like It. 

4® Merry Wives of Windsor. 

5 5 His Third Literary Period, 1601- 
1608. 

1® Julius Caesar. 

2® Hamlet. 


40 


OUTLINES IN 


3 e Measure for Measure. 

4° Also, Othello, Macbeth, Antony 
and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cres- 
sida, Lear, Coriolanus, and 
Timon. 

6 5 Final Period, 1608-1613. 
i° Change in nature of plays. 

2 0 Cymbeline, Winter’s Tale, Marina, 
* Henry VIII. 

A classified list of the plays of Shakspere will 
be found on one of the succeeding pages. 

4. The Decline of the Drama. 
i 2 Causes. 

2 2 Authors. 

i 3 Ben Jonson (1573-1637). 
i 4 Education. 

2 4 Style. 

3 4 Plays. 

i 5 Every Man in His Humor. 

2 5 Every Man Out of His Humor. 

3 5 Cynthia’s Revels. 

4 5 The Poetaster. 

5 5 Eastward Ho! 

6 5 Sejanus; Volpone the Fox; the Si¬ 
lent Woman; the Alchemist: 
Catiline; and the Sad Shepherd. 

4 4 Masques. 
i 5 Definition. 

2 6 Number. 

2 3 Beaumont and Fletcher (1586-1616, and 
1576-1625). 
i 4 Fifty plays. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


41 


2 4 Faults. 

3 4 Plays. 

1 5 Rule a Wife and Have a Wife. 

2 5 The Beggar’s Bush. 

3 5 Philaster. 

4 5 Faithful Shepherdess (Fletcher). 

3 3 Philip Massinger (1584-1640). 
i 4 The Virgin Martyr. 

2 4 The New Way to Pay Old Debts. 

3 4 The Fatal Dowry; The Bondman. 

4 4 Characteristics of plays. 

1 6 Naturalness, strength, flexibility, 

grace, dignity. 

4 3 John Ford (1586-1639). 

(The poet of melancholy.) 
i 4 The Lover’s Melancholy. 

2 4 Perkin Warbeck. 

3 4 The Broken Heart. 

4 4 Love’s Sacrifice. 

5 4 The Brother and Sister. 

5 3 John Webster (died 1654). 
i 4 His muse was Death. 

2 4 Works. 

i 5 The Duchess of Malfy. 

2 5 The Massacre of France. 

3 5 The Devil’s Law Case; The White 
Devil; Appius and Virginia. 

6 3 Other minor dramatists. 

i 4 List: Rowley, Broome, Hey wood, Dek- 
ker, Middleton, Marston, Lodge, 
Chapman, Taylor, and Tourneur. 

7 3 Last writer of the era. 

i 4 James Shirley (1594-1666).. 


42 


OUTLINES IN 


i 5 Delineator of gay society. 

2 6 During the latter part of his life 
(1648) the theaters were closed by 
Parliamentary Act. 

QUESTIONS 

1. What special features characterize the Eliza¬ 
bethan Period? 

2. What qualities are allegorized in “The Faerie 
Queene” ? 

3. What historical events were taking place dur¬ 
ing Raleigh’s life? 

4. What countries possess an independent the¬ 
atrical literature? 

5. What was the first comedy written in En¬ 
glish ? 

6. Who was the “"morning star that heralded 
the rising of the great dramatic sun” ? 

7. Quote from “Hamlet,” “Julius Caesar,” 
“Macbeth,” “Merchant of Venice,” and “Henry 
VIII.” 

8. What art is most closely connected with 
poetry ? 

9. Were the copyists of early literature educated 
men? 

10. What were the so called “Humanities”? 

11. Define scholasticism. 

12. What was the attitude of Sir Thomas More 
toward the introduction of the New Testament? 

13. Who was called the “poet’s poet”? 

14. Who invented the interlude? (John Hey- 

wood.) 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


43 


15. Who founded Presbyterianism in Scotland? 

16. What was the most important literary event 
of the reign of James I? 

17. What reasons can you give for the origin of 
the drama in religion? 

18. What phase of human nature did Jonson por¬ 
tray ? 

19. What did Surrey and Wyatt accomplish for 
English literature ? 

20. In what measure is blank verse written? 

21. By whom was the first work on education 
written in English? 

22. Which of Sidney’s books is most noted? 

23. What four noted men were friends of 
Spenser? 

24. Why did Spenser go to Ireland to live? 

25. What is the Spenserian Stanza? 

5. Leading Prose Writers of the Elizabethan Age. 
i 2 Sir Walter Raleigh (1552-1618). 
i 3 Sketch. 

2 3 Military accomplishments. 

3 3 History of the World. 

2 2 Sir Philip Sidney (1554-1586). 
i 3 Poetic-prose writer. 

2 3 Early life. 

3 3 Public services. 

4 s Works. 

i 4 The Arcadia. 

2 4 Defense of Poesy. 

3 4 Sonnets. 

3 2 Richard Hooker (1553-1600). 
i 3 Champion of the English Church. 


44 


OUTLINES IN 


2 3 Chief work—The Laws of Ecclesiastical 
Polity. 

4" Robert Burton (1576-1640). 

i 3 Anatomy of Melancholy. 

5 2 John Knox (1505-1572). 

i 3 History of the Reformation in Scotland. 

6 2 John Fox (1517-1587). 

i 3 Book of Martyrs. 

7 2 Francis Bacon (1561-1626). 
i 3 Education. 

2 3 Political attainments. 

3 3 Disgrace. 

4 3 Works. 

i 4 Novum Organum. 

2 4 Wisdom of the Ancients. 

3 4 The Advancement of Learning. 

4 4 Essays. 

i 5 Subjects—Importance. 

QUOTATIONS FROM ELIZABETHAN AUTHORS 

Cowards die many times before their deaths; the 
valiant never taste of death but once.—Shakspere’s 
Julius C cesar. 

This above all—to thine own self be true; 

And it must follow, as the night the day, 

Thou canst not then be false to any man. 

Hamlet, Act I, Scene 3. 

With devotion’s visage, and pious action, we do 
sugar o’er the devil himself.— Shakspere. 

Only the actions of the just, 

Smell sweet and blossom in the dust. 

—James Shirley . 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


45 


Doing good is the only certainly happy action of 
a man’s life.— Sir Philip Sidney. 

For of the soul the body form doth take, 

For soul is form, and doth the body make. 

—Edmund Spenser . 

The life of a pious minister is visible rhetoric.— 
Hooker. 

Of Law there can be no less acknowledged than 
that her seat is the bosom of God; her voice the 
harmony of the world.— Hooker. 

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swal¬ 
lowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.— 
Bacon. 

That is the best part of beauty which a picture 
cannot express.— Bacon. 

God never wrought miracles to convince atheism, 
because his ordinary works convince it.— Bacon. 

True nobility is derived from virtue, not from 
birth.— Robert Burton. 

Goodness is beauty in its best estate.— Marlowe. 

The over-curious are not overwise.— Massinger. 

What grief can be, but time doth make it less? 

But infamy, time never can suppress. 

— Drayton. 

The tongue is the ambassador of the heart.— Lyly. 

My mind to me an empire is.— S out knell. 

Attempt the end and never stand to doubt; 

Nothing’s so hard, but search will find it out. 

— Herrick. 


VI. The Puritan Age (1649-1660). 


46 


OUTLINES IN 


I. Religious writers. 

i 2 Jeremy Taylor (1613-1667). 
i 3 Education. 

2 3 Military career. 

3 3 Works. 

i 4 Liberty of Prophesying. 

2 4 Holy Living and Holy Dying. 

3 4 Life of Christ. 

4 4 Sermons. 

2* Dr. Isaac Barrow (16301677). 
i 3 Great mathematician. 

2 3 Chaplain to the King. 

3 3 Sermons on (a) The Lord’s Prayer 
(b) the Creed; (c) the Decalogue. 

4 3 Called the Demosthenes of the Church. 

3 2 Richard Baxter (1615-1691). 
i 3 Non-conformist. 

2 3 Books. 

i 4 A Call to the Unconverted. 

2 4 The Saints’ Everlasting Rest. 

4 2 John Bunyan (1628-1688). 
i 3 The Tinker of Bedford. 

2 3 Pilgrim’s Progress. 

3 3 Grace Abounding. 

4 3 Life and Death of Mr. Badman. 

5 2 Quakers. 

i 3 George Fox (1624-1690). 
i 4 Peculiarities. 

2 4 Contributions to literature. 

2 3 William Penn (1644-1718). 

i 4 Founder of Pennsylvania. 

3 8 Robert Barclay (1648-1690). 
i 4 Defence of Quaker Doctrine. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


47 


2. John Milton (1608-1674). 
i 2 Full sketch. 

2 2 Periods of literary career. 

I 3 First—1623-1640. 

i 4 Hymn on the Nativity, Comus, Lycidas, 
L’Allegro, II Penseroso. 

2 3 Second—1640-1660. 
i 4 Prose. 

i 5 The Areopagitica, Defensis Secunda, 
Defensis Populi Anglicani, Trac¬ 
tate on Education. 

3 3 Third—1660-1674. 

i 4 Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, Sam¬ 
son Agonistes. 

3. The Cavalier Poets. 

i 2 Samuel Butler (1612-1680). 
i 3 Hudibras. 

2 3 Miscellaneous writings. 

2 2 Abraham Cowley (1618-1667). 

i 3 Miscellanies, The Mistress, Pindaric 
Odes, The Davideis. 

3 2 William Davenant (1605-1668). 

i 3 Goudibert, The Law Against Lovers, Al- 
bovine. 

4 2 Edmund Waller (1605-1687). 

(“Darling of the House of Commons.”) 
i 3 Panegyric on Cromwell. 

2 3 Love Verses. 

3 3 Battle of the Summer Islands. 

5 2 Sir John Denham (1615-1668). 
i 3 Cooper’s Hill. 

4. Historians, Biographers, Philosophers. 


48 


OUTLINES IN 


i 2 Edward Hyde—Earl of Clarendon (1608- 

1673)- 

i 3 History of the Great Rebellion. 

2 2 Thomas Fuller (1608-1661). 

I 3 Works: History of the Worthies of Eng¬ 
land; The Holy and Profane State; 
the History of the Holy War; Good 
Thoughts in Bad Times; Good 

Thoughts in Worse Times; Mixed 
Contemplations in Better Times. 

3 2 Sir Thomas Browne (1605-1682). 
i 3 Urn Burial. 

2 3 Religio Medici. 

3 3 Vulgar Errors. 

4 2 Ralph Cud worth (1617-1688). 

i 3 True Intellectual System of the Universe. 
5 2 Izaak Walton (1593-1683). 
i 3 The Complete Angler. 
i 4 Characters. 

2 3 Biographies of Richard Hooker, George 
Herbert, John Donne and others. 

5. Other writers. 

i 2 Andrew Marvell (1620-1678). 
i 3 Song of the Emigrants to Bermuda. 

2 3 Thoughts in a Garden. 

2 2 James Harrington (1611-1677). 
i 3 Oceana. 

i 4 Counterpart to Hobbes Leviathan. 

3 2 Algernon Sidney (1621-1683). 
i 3 Discourses on Government. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


40 


QUESTIONS OF THE AGE OF MILTON 

1. Who founded the Quaker sect? 

2. What is the meaning of L’Allegro? Pen- 
seroso ? 

3. In what language did Milton write? 

4. What is said of Milton’s education? 

5. What was the Commonwealth? When did 
it exist? 

6. How many years were spent in writing “Par¬ 
adise Lost” ? 

7. Who was called the “Father of Angling”? 

8. What was Lycidas ? 

9. What great English author was buried in a 
vertical position, and what is the inscription on his 
tomb? 

10. What is the “Areopagitica” ? 

11. What were the essential characteristics of the 
Puritan Age? 

12. Who were the Caroline Poets? Who was the 
greatest of them? 

13. What is meant by the Restoration? 

14. What are the most striking characteristics of 
Milton’s poetry? 

15. How has “Paradise Lost” affected thought? 

16. Why was Milton not popular? 

17. Have you read “Paradise Lost”? Read it 
this year. 

18. Is the genius of Milton analytic or synthetic? 

19. What characterizes Milton’s prose style? 

20. Who was Edward King ? 

21. The poem “Lycidas” is a Canzone. Explain. 

22. What political positions were filled by Milton ? 


50 


OUTLINES IN 


23. Who were the so-called metaphysical poets? 

24. What is the teaching in “Samson Agonistes”? 

Agonistes” ? 

25. Why does “Pilgrim’s Progress” still live in 
literature ? 

26. Quote from “Paradise Lost.” 

27. What affliction did Milton suffer? 

28. What was Oceana? 

29. Who were the leading Non-conformists? 

30. What events were taking place in the New 
World at this time? 

QUOTATIONS FROM AUTHORS OF THE PURITAN AGE 

As good almost kill a man, as kill a good book; 
who kills a man, kills a reasonable creature, God’s 
image; but he who destroys a good book, kills rea¬ 
son itself.— Milton. 

No man can be provident of his time that is not 
provident in the choice of his company.— Jeremy 
Taylor. 

Upright simplicity is the deepest wisdom, and 
perverse craft the merest shallowness.— Dr. Isaac 
Barrow. 

Soldiers that carry their lives in their hands should 
carry the grace of God in their hearts.— Richard 
Baxter. 

Religion is the best armor that a man can have, 
but it is the worst cloak.— Bnnyan. 

In all the trade of war, no feat 
Is nobler than a brave retreat. 

Samuel Butler. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


51 


The best kind of glory is that which is reflected 
from honesty.— Abraham Cowley. 

Ambition is the mind’s immodesty.— William 
Davenant. 

Music so softens and disarms the mind 
That not an arrow does resistance find. 

—Edmund Waller. 

The youngest in the morning are not sure 
That till the night their life they can secure. 

—Sir John Denham. 

The blush is Nature’s alarm at the approach of 
sin—and her testimony to the dignity of virtue.— 
Fuller. 

He hath riches sufficient who hath enough to be 
charitable.— Sir Thomas Browne. 

I in these flowery meads would be; 

These crystal streams would solace me; 

To whose harmonious bubbling noise 
I with my angle would rejoice. 

—Isaak Walton. 

Time, the prime minister of death, 

There’s naught can bribe his honest will; 

He stops the richest tyrant’s breath, 

And lays his mischief still. 

—Andrew Marvell. 

VII. Age of the Restoration (1660-1700). 

1. Change in Morals. 

i 2 As evidenced in the drama. 

2. Change in lines of thought. 
i 2 Scientific Research. 

2 2 Founding of the Royal Society, 1662. 


52 


OUTLINES IN 


3. Influences from abroad. 

4. Authors. 

i 2 Poets and Dramatists. 

i 3 John Dryden (1631-1700). 
i 4 Education. 

2 4 Public services. 

3 4 Characteristics of works. 

4 4 Contributions. 

i 5 Prose—Essay of Dramatic Poesy. 

2 5 Satirical Poetry. 

i 6 Absalom and Achitophel. 

2° Mac Flecknoe. 

3 6 All for Love. 

3 5 Didactic Poetry. 

1® Religio Laici. 

2 6 The Hind and the Panther. 
i 7 Meaning and purpose. 

4 5 Lyrics. 

i 6 Alexander’s Feast. 

2 6 Song for St. Cecilia’s Day. 

3 6 Ode to Mrs. Killigrew. 

5 5 Dramas. 

i 6 The Conquest of Granada. 

2 6 Marriage a la Mode. 

3 C The Indian Emperor. 

4 6 The Rival Ladies. 

Remark —Dryden was regarded as the founder 
of the Gassical or Artificial school of poets. 

2 3 William Wycherley (1640-1715). 
i 4 Love in a Wood. 

2 4 The Country Wife. 

3 4 The Plain Dealer. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


53 


3 3 Sir John Vanbrugh (1666-1726). 
i 4 The Relapse. 

2 4 The Provoked Wife. 

3 4 Aesop. 

4 4 The Confederacy. 

4 3 William Congreve (1670-1729). 
i 4 The Old Bachelor. 

2 4 The Double Dealer. 

3 4 Love for Love (M.). 

5 3 George Farquhar (1678-1708). 

I 4 The Constant Couple. 

2 4 The Inconstant. 

3 4 The Beaux’ Stratagem. 

4 4 The Recruiting Officer. 

6 3 Thomas Otway (1651-1685). 
i 4 The Orphan. 

2 4 Venice Preserved. 

7 3 Nathaniel Lee (died 1692). 
i 4 The Rival Queens. 

2 4 Theodosius. 

3 4 Mithridates. 

8 3 Other dramatists. 

i 4 Jeremy Collier (1650-1726). 

2 4 John Crowne (1661-1698). 

3 4 Nicholas Rowe (1673-1718). 

2 2 Religious writers. 

i 3 John Tillotson (1630-1694). 

2 3 Thomas Burnet (1635-1715). 

i 4 The Fall of Adam as an Allegory. 
3 3 Robert South (1633-1716). 

(Wittiest Churchman of his time.) 
3 2 Scientific Writers. 

I 3 Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727). 


54 


OUTLINES IN 


i 4 Discoveries and inventions. 

2 4 Natural Philosophy. 

3 4 Optics. 

2 3 John Locke (1632-1704). 
i 4 Letters on Toleration. 

2 4 Treatise on Civil Government. 

3 4 Reasonableness of Christianity. 

4 4 Essay on the Human Understanding. 

3 3 Robert Boyle (1626-1691). 

i 4 Six volumes on Theology, Physics, and 
Metaphysics. 

4 3 John Ray (1628-1705). 
i 4 Natural History. 

Remark —Bunyan, Barrow and Penn perhaps be¬ 
long more properly to this period, but were noted 
under the Puritan Age. 

GENERAL QUESTIONS 

1. Who was the greatest statesman of the Puri¬ 
tan Age ? 

2. Why were some of Milton’s treatises written 
in Latin ? 

3. Do the poems of Milton and Spenser belong 
to the same school? 

4. Why is Hudibras no longer read extensively ? 

5. Distinguish between burlesque and satire. 

6. What was Dry den’s opinion of blank verse ? 

7. Define wit. Humor. Romance. Novel. 

8. What severe loss befell Newton in 1692? 

9. For which American colony did Locke formu¬ 
late a constitution ? 

10. Who was Bishop Ken, and what was his in¬ 
fluence ? 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


55 


11. How did Dryden and Pope treat man ? 

12. When were the theaters reopened? 

13. Who wrote “Annus Mirabilis”? 

14. What three noted Frenchmen were writing at 
this time? Moliere, Racine and Corneille. 

15. What is didactic verse? 

QUOTATIONS 

The secret pleasure of a generous act, 

Is the great mind’s great bribe. 

— Dryden. 

Pity those whom nature abuses, but never those 
who abuse nature.— John Vanbrugh. 

He that loses hope may part with anything.— 
William Congreve. 

Justice is lame as well as blind among us.— 
Thomas Otway. 

Hope is the fawning traitor of the mind, 

Which, while it cozens with a colored friendship, 
Robs us of our best virtue—resolution. 

—Nathaniel Lee. 

A good word is an easy obligation; but not to 
speak ill, requires only our silence, which costs us 
nothing.— Tillotson. 

There is no lasting pleasure but contemplation.— 
Burnet. 

No man ever offended his own conscience, but 
first or last it was revenged upon him for it.— Robert 
South. 


56 


OUTLINES IN 


He that judges without informing himself to the 
utmost that he is capable, cannot acquit himself of 
judging amiss .—John Locke. 

Self-denial is a kind of holy association with God, 
and by making you His partner, interests you in all 
His happiness.— Boyle. 

He that uses many words for the explaining of 
any subject, doth like the cuttle-fish hide himself 
for the most part in his own ink .—John Ray. 

Heaven that made me honest, made me more than 
ever king did when he made a lord.— Rowe. 

A fool, indeed, has great need of a title, 

It teaches men to call him count and duke, 

And to forget his proper name of fool. 

— Crowne. 

The language of the face is the short-hand of 
the mind, and crowds a great deal in a little room.— 
Jeremy Collier. 

VIII. The Age of Pope, or the Augustan Age 
(1700-1727). 

1. Alexander Pope (1644-1727). 
i 2 Full sketch. 

2- Works. 

i 3 Essay on Criticism. 
i 4 Suggested by Boileau’s “Art of Poetry.” 

2 3 Essay on Man. 

3 3 The Rape of the Lock. 

4 3 The Temple of Fame. 

5 3 Translation of the Iliad. 

6 3 Many others. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


57 


2. John Gay (1688-1732). 
i 2 The Shepherd’s Week. 

2 2 Rural Sports. 

3. Allan Ramsay (1686-1758). 
i 2 Lyric Poems. 

2 2 Gentle Shepherd (drama). 

4. Matthew Prior (1664-1721). 

i 2 The Country Mouse and the City Mouse. 

5. Isaac Watts (1674-1748). 
i 2 Hymns. 

6. Prose writers. 

i 2 Jonathan Swift (1667-1745). 
i 3 Public works. 

2 3 Works. 

i 4 Tale of a Tub, Battle of the Books, The 
Drapier Papers, Gulliver’s Travels. 
2 2 Joseph Addison (1672-1719). 
i 3 The Spectator. 

2 3 The Guardian. 

3 3 Cato—Tragedy. 

4 3 Poems. 

3 2 Richard Steele (1671-1729). 
i 3 The Christian Hero. 

2 3 The Funeral, The Tender Husband, The 
Conscious Lovers (comedies). 

3 3 Two hundred papers for The Tatler. 

4 2 Daniel De Foe (1661-1731). 
i 3 Robinson Crusoe. 

2 3 The Reviezv. 

3 3 The Shortest Way with Dissenters. 

4 s The Memoirs of a Cavalier. 

5 2 Minor authors. 


58 


OUTLINES IN 


i 3 Richard Bentley (1662-1742). 

2 3 George Berkeley (1684-1753). 
i 4 Theory of Vision. 

2 4 The Prospect of Planting Arts and 
Learning in America. 

3 4 Author of the line— “Westward the 
coarse of empire takes its way.” 

3 s Lady Montague (1690-1762). 
i 4 Letters from Constantinople. 

QUESTIONS ON THE AUGUSTAN AGE 

1. Over what period does the Augustan Age 
extend ? 

2. How did it compare with the Elizabethan 
Period ? 

3. What was secured to England by the Revolu¬ 
tion of 1688? 

4. What author did Pope copy closely ? 

5. What was the Dunciad? 

6. Who was Shadwell? By whom satirized? 

7. What seems to have been Pope’s mission? 

8. What constitutes the Artificial Age of Poetry ? 

9. Is a critical age conducive to poetry ? Prose ? 

10. In whose honor was the “Campaign” written ? 

11. How many books were written by De Foe? 

(250.) 

12. Have you read Pope’s “Essay on Man”? 
Read it now. 

13. What impulse sealed the fate of criticism? 

14. What events occurred in America at this 
time? 

15. Who wrote “The Beggar’s Opera”? 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


59 


16. Would the Tatler, Spectator, Guardian, or 
Review be popular papers to-day? 

17- What translations were made by Pope? 

18. Who was Boileau? 

19. What was the Classic School of writers? 

20. Was Pope a true poet? 

21. What was the moral standard of the Age of 
Pope ? 

22. Who said, “Every man has his price”? Is it 
true to-day? 

23. What is a couplet? Example from Pope: 

“A little learning is a dangerous thing; 

Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian Spring.” 

24. From whom did the dramatic writers some¬ 
times borrow ? 

25. What influence has the stage had upon the 
world’s history ? 


QUOTATIONS 

Honor and shame from no condition rise; 

Act well your part, there all the honor lies. 

— Pope. 

There is a majesty in simplicity which is far above 
the quantities of wit.— Pope. 

An open foe may prove a curse, 

But a pretended friend is worse. 

— Gay. 

Acquire a government over your ideas, that they 
may come down when they are called, and depart 
when they are bidden.— Dr. Watts. 

How mean the order and perfection sought 
In the best product of the human thought, 


60 


OUTLINES IN 


Compared to the great harmony that reigns 
In what the spirit of the world ordains. 

— Prior. 

Better to die ten thousand deaths 
Than wound my honor. — Addison. 

A wise man should have money in his head, but 
not in his heart.— Swift. 

To give pain is the tyranny of beauty, 

To make happy is its true empire. 

— Steele. 

Pride is the first peer and president of Hell.— 
De Foe. 

No entertainment is so cheap as reading, nor any 
pleasure so lasting .—Lady Montague. 

No atheist, as such, can be a true friend, an affec¬ 
tionate relation, or a royal subject.— Dr. Bentley. 

Westward the course of empire takes its way: 

The first four acts already past; 

A fifth shall close the drama with the day; 
Time’s noblest offspring is the last. 

—Bishop Berkeley. 

IX. The Age of Johnson (1727-1784). 

1. Political condition in England and America. 

2. Freedom of the press established. 
i 2 Influence of the same. 

3. Interest in oriental literature. 

4. Genuine taste for literature. 

5. Authors. 
i 2 Poets. 

i 3 Thomas Gray (1716-1771). 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


61 


I 4 The Progress of Poesy, Ode to Ad¬ 
versity, The Bard, Elegy Written in 
a Country Churchyard. 

2 4 Quote from the last named. 

2 3 William Collins (1720-1756). 
i 4 Ode to the Passions. 

2 4 Ode to Evening. 

3 4 How Sleep the Brave. 

3 3 Oliver Goldsmith (1728-1774). 
i 4 Early life. 

2 4 Works. 

I 5 Deserted Village, Vicar of Wakefield, 
The Traveller, The Good-Natured 
Man, Histories of Greece, Rome, 
and England, She Stoops to Con¬ 
quer. 

4 3 James Thomson (1700-1748). 

(Nature’s Poet.) 
i 4 The Seasons. 

5 3 Edward Young (1681-1765). 

I 4 Night Thoughts. 

2 4 Revenge. 

3 4 Love of Fame. 

6 3 James McPherson. 
i 4 Ossian. 

7 3 Thomas Chatterton (1752-1770). 

I 4 The Battle of Hastings, Tragedy of 
^Ella, The Tournament. 

8 3 Dr. Thomas Percy (1728-1811). 

i 4 Reliques of English Poetry. 

9 3 William Falconer (1735-1769). 

I 4 The Shipwreck. 

IO 3 William Hamilton (1704-1754). 


62 


OUTLINES IN 


I 4 The Braes of Yarrow. 

2 2 Dramatic Writers. 

i 3 David Garrick (1716-1779). 

2 3 Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816). 
i 4 The Rivals. 

2 4 School for ScandaJ. 

3 4 The Critic. 

3 3 Other dramatic writers. 

i 4 George Colinan, Samuel Foote, Colley 
Cibber. 

3 2 Novelists. 

i 3 Samuel Richardson (1689-1761). 
i 4 Pamela. 

2 4 Clarissa Harlowe (his best). 

3 4 Sir Charles Grandison. 

2 3 Henry Fielding (1707-1754). 

I 4 Joseph Andrews. 

2 4 Tom Jones (M.). 

3 4 A Journey from this World to the Next. 
3 s Tobias George Smollett (1721-1771). 
i 4 Roderick Random. 

2 4 Peregrene Pickle. 

3 4 Count Fathom. 

4 3 Laurence Sterne (1713-1768). 
i 4 Tristram Shandy. 

2 4 Sentimental Journey. 

5 3 Horace Walpole (1717-1797). 
i 4 Castle of Otranto. 

4 2 Philosophy. 

i 3 Prevalence of skepticism. 

2 s David Hume—Philosopher and Historian. 
i 4 Treatise on Human Nature. 

2 4 The Human Understanding. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


63 


3 4 The Principles of Morals. 

4 4 Dialogues on Natural Religion. 

3 3 Adam Smith (1723-1790). 

i 4 Wealth of Nations. 

4 3 Dr. Thomas Reid (1710-1796). 

i 4 Inquiry into the Human Mind. 

5 3 Dr. Joseph Priestly (1733-1804). 
i 4 Discovery of oxygen. 

5 2 Theology. 

i 3 John Wesley (1703-1791). 
i 4 Sermons. 

2 4 Notes on the New Testament. 

3 4 Account of the Methodists. 

2 3 Charles Wesley (1708-1788). 

i 4 Six thousand hymns. 

3 3 George Whitefield (1714-1770). 

i 4 Founder of Calvinist branch of Metho¬ 
dists. 

4 3 Bishop Butler (1692-1752). 

i 4 Analogy between Natural and Revealed 
Religion. 

5 3 William Paley (1743-1805). 
i 4 Evidences of Christianity. 

2 4 Treatise on Natural Theology. 

6 2 History and Biography. 
i 3 David Hume. 

i 4 History of England. 

2 3 Edward Gibbon (1737-1794)- 
I 4 Men who influenced his life. 

2 4 Travels. 

3 4 History of Rome. 

3 3 William Robertson (1721-1793). 
i 4 History of Scotland. 


64 


OUTLINES IN 


2 4 History of Charles V of Germany. 

3 4 History of America. 

4 3 James Boswell (1740-1795). 

i 4 Life of Samuel Johnson. 

5 3 Samuel Johnson. 
i 4 Early life. 

2 4 Life of Savage. 

3 4 English Dictionary. 

4 4 Rasselas. 

5 4 Vanity of Human Wishes. 

6 4 Lives of the Poets. 

6 3 Edmund Burke (1730-1797). 
i 4 Sketch. 

2 4 Predominant traits. 

3 4 Works. 

i 5 Essay on the Sublime and the Beau¬ 
tiful. 

2 5 Letter to a Noble Lord. 

3 5 Reflections on the French Revolution. 
4 5 Speeches on American Taxation and 
American Conciliation. 

5 5 Impeachment of Warren Hastings. 

7 3 Other Authors and Advocates. 
i 4 Thomas Paine (1737-1809). 
i 5 The Rights of Man. 

2 5 The Age of Reason. 

2 4 Sir William Jones (1746-1794). 

i 5 Ode—What Constitutes a State? 

3 4 Sir William Blackstone (1723-1780). 
i 5 Commentaries on the Laws of Eng¬ 
land. 

4 4 Bishop Robert Lowth (17101787). 
i 5 Prelections on Hebrew Poetry. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


65 


2 5 Translation of Isaiah. 

5 4 Bishop Warburton (1698-1779). 

i 5 The Divine Legation of Moses. 

6 4 William Pitt. 

7 4 Sir Philip Francis (1740-1818). 

(Supposed author of the Letters of 
Junius.) 

QUESTIONS ON THE AGE OF JOHNSON 

1. What was the political situation in England? 

2. What changes in style took place? 

3. Who wrote the “Castle of Indolence”? 

4. Who were the chief perpetrators of literary 
imposture during this age? 

5. Who was the author of Ossian’s poetry? 

6. Who was called the Father of the English 
novel ? 

7. How did the term Methodist originate? 

8. What was the first important work on Polit¬ 
ical Economy? 

9. For what is Dr. Johnson best remembered ? 

10. Who wrote the tragedy “Irene”? Was it a 
success ? 

11. For what purpose was “Rasselas” written? 

12. To whom were the letters of Junius written? 

13. Quote from the “Deserted Village.” 

14. What are the faults of Hume’s History of 
England ? 

15. Describe Butler’s “Analogy.” 

16. Who was Sir Joshua Reynolds? 

17. What questions are involved in the “Wealth 
of Nations”? 


66 


OUTLINES IN 


18. What literature was given an impetus by 
Whitefield and the Wesleys? 

19. What is meant by Romanticism? 

20. Distinguish between the romance and the 
modern novel. 

21. What is said of Johnson’s style? 

22. What are the characteristics of Burke’s- writ¬ 
ings? 


QUOTATIONS- 

The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, 

And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave, 
Await alike the inevitable hour, 

The paths of glory lead but to the grave. 

—Thomas Gray. 

Those who place their affections at first on trifles 
for amusement, will find these trifles become at last 
their most serious concerns.— Goldsmith. 

Loveliness 

Needs not the foreign aid of ornament 
But is, when unadorned, adorned the most. 

—James Thomson. 

Affliction is the good man’s shining scene, 
Prosperity conceals his brightest ray, 

As night to stars, woe lustre gives to man. 

— Dr. Young. 

Pleasure is the reflex of unimpeded energy .—Sir 
William Hamilton. 

A fellow-feeling makes one wondrous kind.— 
David Garrick. 

In religion as in friendship, they who profess 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


67 


most are ever the least sincere.— Richard Sheridan. 

Wisdom is the talent of buying virtuous pleasures 
at the cheapest rate.— Henry Fielding. 

Glory is the fair child of peril.— Smollett. 

God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb.— Sterne. 

To act with common sense, according to the mo¬ 
ment, is the best wisdom I know; and the best 
philosophy, to do one’s duties, to take the world as 
it comes, submit respectfully to one’s lot, bless the 
goodness that has given us so much happiness with 
it, whatever it is, and despise affectation.— Horace 
Walpole. 

All power, even the most despotic, rests ultimately 
on opinion.— Hume. 

All systems of virtue are reducible or comprised 
in propriety, prudence, or benevolence.— Adam 
Smith. 

Virtue is not to be considered in the light of mere 
innocence, or abstaining from harm; but as the 
exertion of our faculties in doing good.— Bishop 
Butler. 

An instinct is a propensity prior to experience and 
independent of instruction.— Paley. 

Great works are performed not by strength but 
by perseverence.— Dr. Johnson. 

Good order is the foundation of all good things. 
— Burke. 

Compassion is the fairest associate of the heart.— 
Paine. 

I consider time as a treasure, decreasing every 


68 


OUTLINES IN 


night; and that which every day diminishes, soon 
perishes forever .—Sir William Jones. 

Our actions are our own; their consequences be¬ 
long to Heaven.— Francis. 

X. The Age of Romanticism (1780-1837). 

1. Divisions. 

i 2 Age of Burns and Cowper. 

2 2 Age of Byron and Scott. 

3 2 Period of the Lake Poets. 

2. Characteristics. 

i 2 More extended range of literary activity. 

2 2 New views of Man and Nature. 

3 2 Increase of democratic spirit. 

3. Authors. 

I 2 William Cowper (1731-1800). 

(The Poet of the Domestic Affections.) 
I 3 Sadness of his life. 

2 3 Public services. 

3 3 Writings. 

i 4 The Task; Table Talk; Tirocinium; 

translation of Homer. 

2 4 Characteristics. 

2 2 Robert Burns (1759-1796). 

(Scotland’s greatest poet.) 
i 3 Story of his life. 

2 3 Poetical creed. 

3 3 His poems. 

i 4 Tam O’Shanter, Jolly Beggars, The 
Twa Dogs, Cotter’s Saturday Night, 
Auld Lang Syne, and many others. 
4 3 Quotations. 

3 2 Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832). 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


69 


I 3 Remarkable intellect. 

2 3 Education. 

3 3 Story of his life. 

4 3 Contributions to literature. 

I 4 Poems—The Lay of the Last Minstrel, 
Lady of the Lake, Marmion. 

2 4 Novels. 

15 Waverley. 
i 6 Classification. 

2 6 Number. 

3° Full list. 

4 2 Lord Byron (George Gordon) (1788-1824). 
i 3 Parentage. 

2 3 Education. 

3 3 Public services. 

4 3 Travels. 

5 3 Works. 

i 4 The Prisoner of Chillon. 

2 4 Manfred. 

3 4 - Cain. 

4 4 Childe Harold. 

5 4 Don Juan. 

6 4 The Vision of Judgment. 

5 2 Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822). 
i 3 Full sketch. 

2 s Works—Alastor, or the Spirit of Solitude; 
The Cenci; Prometheus Unbound; 
Witch of Atlas; Adonais; a group of 
fine lyrics. 

3 3 Characteristics of his works. 

6 2 John Keats (1795-1821). 
i 3 Early life. 

2 3 Misfortune. 


70 


OUTLINES IN 


3 3 Works—Endymion, Lamia, Isabella, The 
Eve of St. Agnes, and a group of odes. 
7 2 Thomas De Quincey (1785-1859). 
i 3 Precocity—Education—Weakness. 

2 3 Works—Confessions of an English Opium 
Eater; sixteen volumes of magazine 
articles; Suspira de Profundis; The 
English Mail Coach. 

3 3 Faults and merits of his works. 

8 2 Jane Austen (1775-1817). 
i 3 Life. 

2 3 Works—Pride and Prejudice; Sense and 
Sensibility; Emma; Mansfield Park. 

9 2 Jane Porter (1776-1850). 
i 3 Thaddeus of Warsaw. 

2 3 Scottish Chiefs. 
io 2 Thomas Moore (1779-1852). 

(Irish song writer.) 

I s Lalla Rookh (Tulip Cheek). 
i 4 The Fire Worshippers. 

2 4 The Light of the Harem. 

3 4 The Veiled Prophet of Khorassan. 

4 4 Paradise and the Peri. 

2 s Life of Sheridan; Life of Byron; many 
epistles, odes and poems. 

11 2 Reginald Hieber (1783-1826). 
i 3 Hymns. 

12 2 Felicia Hemans (1794-1835). 

i 3 Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers. 

13 2 George Crabbe (1754-1832). 

(The P'oet of the Poor.) 
i 3 The Library; The Village; The Parish 
Register. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


71 


14 2 James Hogg (1770-1835). 

(The Ettrick Shepherd.) 
i 3 The Skylark; When the Kye Comes 
Hame; The Queen’s Wake. 

15 2 Walter Savage Landor (1775-1864). 
i 3 Count Julian. 

2 3 Imaginary conversations. 

3 3 Very many short poems and essays. 

16 2 Philosophy—Theology—Miscellaneous. 
i 3 James Mill (1773-1836). 

i 4 Political Economy. 

2 3 Sir Humphrey Davy (1778-1829). 

i 4 Works on Chemistry and Physics. 

3 3 Sir William Herschel (1738-1822). 
i 4 Astronomy. 

4 3 Adam Clarke (1760-1832). 
i 4 Commentary on the Bible. 

2 4 Bibliographical Dictionary. 

5 3 Sydney Smith (1771-1845). 

(Editor and critic.) 

6 3 Francis Jeffrey (1773-1850). 
i 4 Hours of Idleness. 

2 4 Editor of Edinburgh Review, which 
was a most powerful organ of the 
Whigs. 

7 3 William Gifford (1757-1826). 

Editor London Quarterly Reviezv, a 
Tory magazine. 

XI. The Period of the Lake Poets (1832-1850). 
i 2 This period and the Victorian Age are fre¬ 
quently considered one. 

2 2 Three leading lights. 

i 3 William Wordsworth (1770-1850). 


72 


OUTLINES IN 


I 4 Story of his life. 

2 4 Works—The Excursion; Yarrow Unvis¬ 
ited;. Ode on Immortality; We Are 
Seven; The Solitary Reaper. 

2 3 Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834). 
i 4 Friendship with Wordsworth. 

2 4 Traits and faults. 

3 4 Visionary schemes and their outcome. 

4 4 Best works—Rime of the Ancient Mar¬ 
iner ; Hymn to Mont Blanc; Gene¬ 
vieve; Kubla Khan; Christabel. 

3 3 Robert Southey (1774-1843). 
i 4 Contrast with Coleridge. 

2 4 Value of his prose. 

3 4 Number of literary works. 

4 4 List—Joan of Arc; The Curse of Ke- 
hama; Madoc; Cataract of Lodore; 
Battle of Blenheim. 

4 3 Thomas Hood (1798-1845). 

i 4 The Bridge of Sighs; The Song of the 
Shirt; Eugene Aram. 

2 4 Larger works—Whims and Oddities in 
Prose and Verse; Wit and Humor; 
serious poems. 

5 3 Thomas Campbell (1777-1844). 

i 4 The Pleasures of Hope; The Exile of 
Erin; O’Connor’s Child; Ye Mariners 
of England. 

6 3 Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855). 
i 4 The Professor; Jane Eyre; Shirley. 

7 3 John Gibson Lockhart (1794-1854). 

i 4 Life of Sir Walter Scott—Life of Burns. 

8 3 John Wilson (1788-1854). 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


73 


(Christopher North.) 

i 4 The Isle of Palms; Lights and Shadows 
of Scottish Life. 

9 3 Sir John Herschel (1792-1871). 

I 4 Treatise on Sound; Outlines of Astron¬ 
omy'; Treatise on Light, etc. 

io 3 Hugh Miller (1802-1856). 

i 4 Geological works—Footprints of the 
Creator; The Old Red Sandstone; The 
Testimony of the Rocks. 

11 3 Michael Faraday (1791-1867). 
i 4 Lectures on Science. 

12 3 Archbishop Whately (1787-1863). 

i 4 Elements of Logic and Rhetoric; Essays 
on Romanism, etc. 

13 3 Henry Hallam (1778-1859). 

i 4 Introduction to the Literature of Europe; 
Constitutional History of England. 

14 3 Dr. Thomas Arnold (1795-1842). 

(Head-Master of Rugby.) 
i 4 Greatness as a teacher. 

2 4 History of Rome; Lectures on History. 

15 3 Isaac Disraeli (1775-1848). 

i 4 Curiosities of Literature; Calamities of 
Authors; Amenities of Literature. 

16 3 Lord Henry Brougham (1779-1868). 

i 4 Political Philosophy; Lives of Men of 
Letters and Science in the Reign of 
George III, and many other works. 

17 3 Charles Lamb (1775-1834). 
i 4 Sketch. 

2 4 Essays of Elia; Tales from Shakespeare. 

18 3 Leigh Hunt (1784-1859). 


74 


OUTLINES IN 


(Literary critic.) 

i 4 Stories of Italian Poets; Classic Tales; 
Abou Ben Adhem. 

19 3 William Hazlitt (1778-1830). 

(Literary critic.) 

I 4 Principles of Human Action; Table Talk; 
Lectures on English Poetry. 

20 3 John Keble (1792-1866). 

i 4 The Christian Year; The Child’s Christian 
Year; The Psalter in English Verse. 

QUESTIONS 

1. What is meant by Romanticism? 

2. What does Swinburne say concerning it? 

3. Define the term classical. What is a classic? 

4. What position did prose hold in the eigh¬ 
teenth century? 

5. Account for the wild life of Burns. 

6. How did the French Revolution affect man’s 
ideas concerning man? 

7. What are the three famous narrative poems of 
Scott ? 

8. Describe Cowper’s poems. Quote from him. 

9. Why did Burns and his contemporaries sing 
of the poor? 

10. Who was called the Wizard of the North? 

11. What is the testimony of great men concern¬ 
ing Scott? 

12. Read the poems of Whittier and Holmes con¬ 
cerning Burns. 

13. Repeat a few lines from “Tam O’Shanter” or 
“The Cotter’s Saturday Night.” 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


75 


14. Can you repeat Scott’s lines on “Love of 
Country”? Learn them now. 

15. Who introduced the natural school of poets? 
(Burns.) 

16. Contrast Cowper and Burns. 

17. What wars had burdened England with debt? 

18. How many novels in the Waverley series? 

19. What and where is Abbotsford? 

20. What author paid a debt of $500,000 in five 
years ? 

21. What is the meaning of Childe Harold? 

22. What is the leading characteristic of Shelley’s 
poetry ? 

23. What was this author’s fate? 

24. Who wrote the “Prisoner of Chillon”? 

25. What was Keats’s best poem ? 

26. What author wrote a novel with the same 
title ? 

27. Who were the Lake Poets ? 

28. Why was Wordsworth severely criticised ? 

29. How does his poetry compare with that of 
Milton ? 

30. Why did Coleridge leave so much of his work 
unfinished ? 

31. Contrast Southey and Coleridge. 

32. Who was called The Poet of Humanity ? 

33. Who founded the Edinburgh Review? 

34. For what is Landor especially noted ? 

35. What was the Pantisocracy ? 

36. Why did Byron write in opposition to social 
morality ? 

37. Where did Keats get his subjects? Why? 

38. Why is Browning not popular ? 


76 


OUTLINES IN 


39. Mention the events in the life of Byron thai 
exerted an influence upon his poetical works. 

40. Who were the most popular female poets in 
England and America between 1800 and 1832? 
(Felicia Hemans and Hannah More.) 

41. What do you know of material progress in 
England and America during this age? 

42. What did the last year of Burns’s life prove ? 

43. What was Scott’s idea of the Bible? 

44. Who wrote “Pleasures of Hope”? 

45. Who were the post-revolution poets? 

46. What circumstances attended the writing of 
the first quotation below? 

QUOTATIONS-AGE OF ROMANTICISM 

God moves in a mysterious way, 

His wonders to perform; 

He plants his footsteps on the sea, 

And rides upon the storm. 

— Cowper. 

The thorns which I have reaped are of the tree I 
planted; they have torn me, and I bleed; 

I should have known what fruit would spring from 
such a seed. — Byron. 

Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest 
thought.— Shelley. 

But pleasures are like poppies spread, 

You seize the flower, its bloom is shed; 

Or, like the snowfall in the river, 

A moment white, then melts forever. 

— Barns. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


77 


Oh, what a tangled web we weave 
When first we practice to deceive. 

— Scott. 

A thing of beauty is a joy forever, 

Its loveliness increases; it will never 
Pass into nothingness. 

— Keats. 

The laughter of girls is, and ever was, among the 
delightful sounds of earth. —De Quincey. 

He that easily believes rumors has the principle 
within him to augment rumors.— Jane Porter. 

The heart that is soonest awake to the flowers, 

Is always the first to be touched by the thorns. 

—Thomas Moore. 

Death rides on every passing breeze, 

He lurks in every flower. 

— Heber. 

There is a strength 

Deep-bedded in our hearts, of which we reck 
But little, till the shafts of heaven have pierced its 
fragile dwelling. 

Must not earth be rent 
Before her gems are found ? 

— Mrs. Hemans. 

In idle wishes fools supinely stay; 

Be there a will—and wisdom finds a way. 

—George Crabbe. 

Heaven lies about us in our infancy.— Words¬ 
worth. 

Seeming contentment is real discontent, combined 
with indolence or self-indulgence, which, while tak¬ 
ing no legitimate means of raising itself, delights 


78 


OUTLINES IN 


itself in bringing others down to its own level.— 
/. Mill. 

Manners are the shadows of virtues; the momen¬ 
tary display of those qualities which our fellow 
creatures love and respect. If we strive to become, 
then, what we strive to appear, manners may often 
be rendered useful guides to the performance of 
our duties.— Sydney Smith. 

Who strikes at sovereign power, had need strike 
home. 

For storms that fail to blow the cedar down 
May tear the branches, but they fix the roots. 

— Jeffrey. 

The raging thirst of fame exceeds the generous 
warmth that prompts to worthy deeds.— Gifford. 

To me the meanest flower that blows can give 
Thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears. 

— Wordsworth. 

O’er wayward childhood wouldst thou hold firm rule, 
And sun thee in the light of happy faces; 

Love, Hope and Patience, these must be thy 
graces, 

And in thine own heart let them first keep school. 

— Coleridge. 

The march of intellect is proceeding at quick 
time; and if its progress be not accompanied by a 
corresponding improvement in morals and religion, 
the faster it proceeds, with the more violence will 
you be hurried down the road to ruin.— Southey. 

Evil is wrought by want of thought 
As well as want of heart. 

—Thomas Hood. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


79 


A memory without blot or contamination must be 
an exquisite treasure—an inexhaustible source of 
pure refreshment.— Charlotte Bronte. 

The grand and, indeed, the only character of truth 
is its capability of enduring the test of universal ex¬ 
perience, and coming unchanged out of every possi¬ 
ble form of fair discussion.— Sir John Herschel. 

Infinity is the retirement in which perfect love 
and wisdom only dwell with God. In infinity and 
eternity the sceptic sees an abyss in which all is lost. 
I see in them the residence of Almighty power, in 
which my reason and my wishes find equally a firm 
support. Here, holding by the pillar of heaven, I 
exist—I stand fast.— Hugh Miller. 

Do you want to know the man against whom you 
have most reason to guard yourself? Your looking- 
glass will give you a very fair likeness of his face.— 
Whately. 

It is not necessary that this should be a school of 
three hundred, or one hundred, or of fifty boys; but 
it is necessary that it should be a school of Christian 
gentlemen.— Dr. Arnold, concerning Rugby. 

Nurture your mind with great thoughts. To be¬ 
lieve in the heroic makes heroes.— Disraeli. 

I trust everything, under God, to habit, upon 
which, in all ages, the law-giver, as well as the 
school-master, has mainly placed his reliance.— Lord 
Brougham. 

Ballads are the vocal portraits of the national 
mind.— Lamb. 

I love to lose myself in other men’s minds.— Lamb. 


80 


OUTLINES IN 


Refinement creates beauty everywhere. It is the 
grossness of the spectator that discovers anything 
like grossness in the object.— Hazlitt. 

There’s not a strain to Memory dear, 

Nor flower in classic grove; 

There’s not a sweet note warbled here 
But minds us of Thy love; 

O Lord, our Lord, and spoiler of our foes, 

There is no light but Thine; with Thee all beauty 
glows. — Keble. 

The happy man is he who distinguishes the line 
between delight and desire, and stands firmly on the 
higher ground.— Landor. 

XII. The Victorian Age (1850). 

1 Characteristics of the Age. 
i 2 Cosmopolitan spirit. 

2 2 Inquisition tendency. 

3 2 Scientific work. 

4 2 Methodical and patient study. 

5 2 Growth of reverence for truth. 

6 2 Ethical spirit. 

2 Writers. 

i 2 Poetical. 

i 3 Alfred Tennyson (1810-1892). 
i 4 Longer poems—In Memoriam; The 
Princess; Idylls of the King; Enoch 
Arden. 

2 4 Popular poems—The May Queen; 
Lady Clare; Locksley Hall; The Two 
Voices. 

3 4 Short Lyrics—The Bugle Song; Break, 
Break, Break; The Poet’s Song. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


81 


2 3 Robert Browning (1812-1889). 
i 4 The Poet of the Cultured. 

2 4 Works—Blot on the ’Scutcheon; Pippa 
Passes; The Ring and the Book; 
Saul; Rabbi Ben Ezra; Prospice. 

3 3 Mrs. E. B. Browning (1809-1861). 
i 4 Prometheus Bound. 

Aurora Leigh; The Cry of the Children; 
The Cry of the Human. 

4 3 Jean Ingelow (1830-1897). 

i 4 Divided; High Tide on the Coast of 
Lincolnshire. 

5 3 Edward Fitzgerald (1809-1883). 

Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. 

6 3 Edwin Arnold (1832-1904). 

The Light of Asia. 

Secret of Death. 

7 3 Alfred Austin (1835). 

(Present Poet Laureate.) 
i 4 Lyrics. 

8 3 Rudyard Kipling (born 1865). 

i 4 Said to be the most popular living au¬ 
thor. 

2 4 Works—Plain Tales from the Hills; 

Soldiers Three; Phantom Rick¬ 
shaw; The Light that Failed; 
The Jungle Book; Captains 
Courageous; The Seven Seas; 
The Recessional. 

! 2 Historians. 

i 3 Thomas B. Macaulay (1800-1859). 
i 4 Life. 

2 4 Remarkable traits. 


OUTLINES IN 


3 4 Essays. Give full list. 

4 4 History of England. 
i c Popularity of. 

2 5 Faults. 

2 3 Henry Hart Milman (1791-1868). 

i 4 History of the Jews; History of Latin 
Christianity. 

3 3 Sir John G. Wilkinson (1797-1875). 
i 4 History of Manners and Customs of the 
Ancient Egyptians. 

4 3 George Grote (1794-1871). 

i 4 History of Greece. 

5 3 James A. Froude (1818-1894). 

History of England from Fall of 
Wolsey to the Defeat of the Spanish 
Armada. 

6 3 Henry Thomas Buckle (1821-1862). 

I 4 History of Civilization. 

7 3 John Richard Green (1837-1883). 

i 4 A Short History of the English People. 
8 3 William E. H. Lecky (born 1838). 

i 4 History of England in the Eighteenth 
Century. 

2 4 Political Value of History. 

3 4 The Influence of the Imagination in 
History. 

3 2 Philosophers and Scientists. 
i 3 Sir Charles Lyell (1797-1875). 
i 4 Antiquity of Man. 

Principles of Geology. 

2 s Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881). 

(Essayist, historian, satirist.) 
i 4 Sartor Resartus. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


83 


2 4 The French Revolution. 

3 4 Heroes and Hero Worship. 

4 4 Cromwell’s Speeches and Letters. 

5 4 Characteristics of Carlyle’s Works. 

3 3 Sir Charles Bell (1774-1842). 

I 4 Important work in Physiology. 

i 5 Exposition of the Natural System of 
the Nerves; The Hand—Its Mech¬ 
anism and Vital Endowments. 

4 3 Charles Darwin (1809-1882). 

i 4 Origin of Species; Descent of Man; 
Synthetic Philosophy. 

5 3 Thomas Huxley (1825-1895). 
i 4 Man’s Place in Nature. 

2 4 Lay Sermons. 

3 4 Classification of Animals. 

6 3 John Tyndall (1820-1893). 

(Popular scientist.) 

i 4 Heat as a Mode of Motion; Imagina¬ 
tion in Science; Observations on 
Glaciers. 

7 3 John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). 

(The Apostle of Freedom.) 
i 4 A System of Logic; Essay on Liberty; 
Essay on Subjection of Women. 

8 3 Herbert Spencer (1820-1903). 
i 4 Principles of Psychology. 

2 4 Study of Sociology. 

3 4 Data of Ethics; Principles of Ethics; 
Education, etc. 

9 3 John Henry Newman (1801-1890). 
i 4 Apologia pro Vita Sua. 

2 4 Theory of Religious Belief. 


84 


OUTLINES IN 


3 4 Essays on Justification. 

4 4 Verses on Various Occasions. 
i 5 Lead, Kindly Light. 
io 3 Sir William Hamilton (1788-1756). 

i 4 Discussions on Philosophy and Litera¬ 
ture ; Education; Lectures on Logic; 
Lectures on Metaphysics. 

11 3 Others of less importance. 

i 4 Dr. William Whewell (1794-1866). 

2 4 Sir David Brewster (1781-1867). 

Discovered the law of polarization of 
light by reflection. 

3 4 Richard Owen (1804-1892). 

History of British Fossils, Mammals 
and Birds. 

4 4 Mrs. Mary Somerville (1780-1872). 
Mechanism of the Heavens. 

4 2 Novelists. 

i 3 Charles Dickens (1812-1870). 
i 4 Full sketch. 

2 4 Works — Pickwick Papers; Olivet 
Twist; David Copperfield, and many 
others. The student will give list. 
i 5 Characteristics of his works. 

2 3 William Makepeace Thackeray (1811- 
1863). 

i 4 Contrast with Dickens. 

2 4 Education. 

3 4 Public services. 

4 4 Novels—Vanity Fair; Henry Esmond; 
The Newcomes; History of Penden- 
nis; The Virginians. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


, 85 


5 4 Essays—The Four Georges; English 
Humorists of the Eighteenth Cen¬ 
tury. 

6 4 Characteristics of style. 

3 s George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) (1819- 
1880). 

i 4 Story of her life. 

2 4 Novels—Adam Bede; Silas Marner; 
TFe Mill on the Floss; Romola; Mid- 
dlemarch; Daniel Deronda. 

3 4 Characteristics. 

4 3 Edward Lytton Bulwer (Bulwer-Lytton) 
(1803-1873). 

i 4 Falkland; Last Days of Pompeii; 
Rienzi; The Last of the Barons. 

5 3 Charles Reade (1814-1884). 

i 4 Works—Love Me Little, Love Me 
Long; The Cloister and the Hearth; 
A Terrible Temptation. 

6 3 Benjamin Disraeli, Lord Beaconsfield 
(1804-1880). 
i 4 Lothair. 

2 4 Endvmion. 

7 3 Miss Muloch (Mrs. Craik) (1826-1887). 
i 4 Works — John Halifax, Gentleman; 
A Noble Life; A Life for a Life. 

8 3 Wilkie Collins (1824-1889). 

i 4 Novels—The Woman in White; The 
Moonstone; The Dead Secret; Arma¬ 
dale, etc. 

9 3 Charles Kingsley (1819-1875). 

i 4 Works—Hypatia; Westward Ho! Al¬ 
ton Locke; Water-Babies. 


86 


OUTLINES IN 


io 3 Anthony Trollope (1815-1882). 

i 4 Doctor Thorne; Can You Forgive Her? 
Barchester Towers. 

11 3 Thomas Hughes (1823-1896). 
i 4 Tom Brown at Rugby. 

2 4 Tom Brown at Oxford. 

3 4 Manliness of Christ. 

12 3 Thomas Hardy (born 1840). 

i 4 Far from the Madding Crowd; Two 
on a Tower; Life’s Little Ironies. 

13 3 Richard D. Blackmore (1825-1900). 

I 4 Lorna Doone; Erema. 

I4 3 Edward Robert Bulwer-Lytton (Owen 
Meredith) (1831-1891). 

I 4 Lucile (Novel in verse). 

2 4 The Wanderer. 

15 3 Hall Caine (born 1832). 

i 4 The Manxman; The Scapegoat; Cap¬ 
tain Davy’s Honeymoon. 

16 3 Conan Doyle (born 1859). 
i 4 Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes. 

The White Company; Study in Scarlet. 
17 3 Mrs. Elizabeth Gaskell (1810-1865). 

i 4 Cranford; Ruth; Sylvia’s Lovers. 

18 3 Robert Louis Stevenson. 

i 4 Treasure Island; Dr. Jekyll and Mr. 
Hyde; David Balfour. 

19 3 J. M. Barrie (born i860). 

i 4 The Little Minister; a Window in 
Thrums; Auld Licht Idylls. 

20 3 John Brown (1810-1882). 

i 4 Rab and His Friends; Marjorie Flem¬ 
ing; Locke and Sydenham. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


87 


5 2 Critics, Essayists, Miscellaneous. 

I 3 John Ruskin (1819-1904). 
i 4 Sketch of his life. 

2 4 Works—Seven Lamps of Architecture; 
Stones of Venice; Lectures on Civili¬ 
zation ; Crown of Wild Olive; Ses¬ 
ame and Lilies; Ethics of the Dust, 
etc. 

3 4 Founder of Pre-Raphael School of Art. 

2 s Max Muller (1823-1900). 
i 4 Work at Oxford. 

2 4 Chips from a German Workshop; Sci¬ 
ence of Language. 

3 3 William Ewart Gladstone { 1809-1898). 
i 4 Liberal Leader in Politics. 

2 4 Works—Studies in Homer; The Vati¬ 
can Decrees; Juventus Mundi; The 
Impregnable Rock. 

4 3 Harriet Martineau (1802-1876). 

i 4 Poor Laws and Taxation; Illustrations 
of Political Economy; The Hour and 
the Man; History of England. 

5 3 Henry Drummond (1851-1897). 

i 4 Natural Law in a Spiritual World; The 
Ascent of Man; The Perfect Life; 
The Greatest Thing in the World; 
Stones Rolled Away. 

6 3 Cunningham Geikie (born 1826). 

i 4 Hours with the Bible; Life of Christ;* 
Entering on Life. 

7 3 Stopford Brooke (born 1832). 

i 4 Theology in the English Poets; Primer 
of English Literature. 


88 


OUTLINES IN 


8 3 S. R. Crockett (born 1859). 

i 4 The Stickit Minister; The Raiders. 

9 3 Diavid Livingstone (1813-1873). 

Missionary Trials; Researches in South 
Africa. 

io 3 Samuel Smiles (1816-1904). 

Self-Help; Duty; Thrift, etc. 

11 3 Henry M. Stanley (1840-1904). 

i 4 Through the Dark Continent; In Dark¬ 
est Africa. 

12 3 John Maclaren Watson (Ian Maclaren) 
(born 1850). 

I 4 Scottish stories and sermons. 

I 5 Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush; The 
Days of Auld Lang Syne. 

13 3 Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882). 
i 4 The Early Italian Poets. 

2 4 Poems—The Stream’s Secret; Eden 
Bower; Mary Magdalene. 

14 3 Walter Bagehot (1826-1877). 

1 4 Physics and Politics. 

I 5 S Algernon C. Swinburne (born 1837). 
i 4 Essays and Studies. 

2 4 Poems—Tristram; Hymn to Proser¬ 
pine ; A Cameo. 

16 3 Matthew Arnold (1822-1888). 
i 4 Training. 

2 4 Lectures on Translating Homer; Es¬ 
says in Criticism; The Study of Celtic 
Literature. 

3 4 Poems—Sohrab and Rustum; Balder 
Dead; Switzerland; Dover Beach; 
Memorial Verses. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


89 


■ 17 3 Gerald Massey (born 1828). 

Ballad of Babe Christabel; The Voices 
of Freedom. 

6* Theologians not already classified elsewhere. 
I 3 Archbishop Trench (1807-1886). 

I 4 The Study of Words; English, Past 
and Present; The Lessons Contained 
in Proverbs. 

2 3 Charles H. Spurgeon (1834-1892). 

I 4 The Treasury of David; The Sword 
and Trowel; Salt-cellars; more than 
two thousand sermons. 

3 3 Canon F. W. Farrar (born 1831). 

I 4 The Origin of Language. 

2 4 Chapters on Language. 

3 4 The Silence and Voices of God. 

4 4 Life of Christ. 

5 4 Many lectures and sermons. 

THE LAST FOUR POETS LAUREATE OF ENGLAND 

Robert Southey (1813-1843). 

William Wordsworth (1843-1850). 

Alfred Tennyson (1850-1892). 

Alfred Austin (1895—). 

QUESTIONS ON THE VICTORIAN AGE 

1. When did Queen Victoria ascend the throne* 

2. How does this period differ from the one pre¬ 
ceding? 

3. What were the leading subjects in the Age of 
Romanticism ? In the Victorian Age ? 

4. What was the influence of evolution on all 
lines of thought? 


90 


OUTLINES IN 


5. What characterized the poetry of Arnold, 
Browning, Tennyson? 

6. What problems has this age left for the twen¬ 
tieth century to solve? 

7. Prepare a little sermon for yourself on Brown¬ 
ing’s text, “God’s in his heaven—All’s right with 
the world.” 

8 . Show that literature, like everything else, has 
its fashions and fads. 

9. What is Browning’s idea of evolution as set 
forth in Paracelsus, Act V? 

10. Quote Tennyson on the same subject. 

11. What did Keats mean when he said science 
would clip the wings of imagination ? 

12. What is the place of the imagination in sci¬ 
ence? Read Tyndall. 

13. What is the testimony of the great men of 
this age upon the question, “Is life worth living”? 

14. Have you read Browning’s Prospice? Read it 
to-day. Compare it with Tennvson’s “Crossing the 
Bar.” 

15. What change took place in the ethical spirit 
during this period ? 

16. Who are five great ethical teachers of this 
time? 

17. Who has been styled the prince of analytical 
poets? (Browning.) 

18. What place does the novel have now? 

19. Who was Arthur Hallam? 

20. Why is “Sartor Resartus” not popular ? 

21. When did Herbert Spencer die? 

22. What works of enduring worth did he pro¬ 
duce ? 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


91 


23. What was the Oxford Movement? 

24. How many books did George Eliot read in 
preparation for the writing of “Romola”? 

25. What are some of Ruskin’s leading theories 
and teachings? 

26. Quote from “In Memoriam.” 

27. How do some of Swinburne’s poems fit into 
Russian conditions to-day? 

28. What American poets of importance wrote at 
this time? 

29. How does the present poet-laureate compare 
with Tennyson? 

30. Who wrote “Barrack Room Ballads”? 

31. Describe “In Memoriam.” 

32. Tell the story of Dlickens’s life. 

33. What are Jean Ingelow’s best poems? 

34. Why are they popular? 

35. What is the gospel of Carlyle’s teaching. 
(Labor.) 

36. What painter fulfilled Ruskin’s idea of what 
a painter should be? (Turner.) 

37. Was Ruskin understood? 

38. Who was called “The Poet of the Universi¬ 
ties”? 

39. What is Edward Fitzgerald’s great transla¬ 
tion ? 

40. What is your opinion of Kipling? 

41. How does Green’s History of England rank 
with others? 

42. Have you .read Drummond’s little book, 
“Stones Rolled Away”? It is full of good things. 

43. Of what real value are such works as those* 
of Conan Doyle and Hall Caine? 


92 


OUTLINES IN 


44. What .book did Ruskin write for children ? 

45. What did Max Muller accomplish for philol- 
ogy? 

46. Can you quote a few good thoughts from Dr. 
Geikie ? 

47. Is Dr. Brooke’s “Primer” more than its title 
suggests ? 

48. Who are some prominent literary men of Eng¬ 
land at present (1905) ? 

49. How many books are published in England 
annually ? 

50. Hbw shall we know what to read ? 

QUOTATIONS—VICTORIAN AGE 

I am a part of all that I have met.— Tennyson. 

This is the truth the poet sings, 

That a sorrow’s crown of sorrow is remembering 
happier things.— Tennyson. 

God’s in his heaven— 

All’s right with the world. 

— Browning. 


Earth’s crammed with heaven. 

And every common bush afire with God; 

But only he who sees takes off his shoes. 

— Mrs. Browning. 

They are poor that have lost nothing; they are 
poorer far who, losing, have forgotten; they most 
poor of all who lose and wish they might forget.— 
Jean Ingelow. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


93 


We are the voices of the wandering Wind, 
Which moan for rest, and rest can never find; 

Lo! as the Wind is, so is mortal Life, 

A moan, a sigh, a sob, a storm, a strife. 

—Edwin Arnold. 

xVlen are never so likely to settle a question rightly 
as when they discuss it freely.— Macaulay. 

The moral law is written on the tablets of eternity. 
For every false word or unrighteous deed, for 
cruelty and oppression, for lust or vanity, the price 
has to be paid at last.— Fronde. 

Are you then satisfied to bid farewell to Work, Love, 
Nature, Art, 

Remitting these to others, while you pass 
Into the loveless and unnatural ground, 

Where you will work no more, and storied stone, 

Is Art’s last word to you, you will not hear? 

—Alfred Austin. 

Now if we could win to the -Eden Tree where the 
Four Great Rivers flow, 

And the wreath of eve is red on the turf, as she left 
it long ago; 

And if we could come when the sentry slept and 
softly scurry through, 

By the favor of God we might know as much as 
our father Adam knew. — Kipling. 

A mind content both crown and kingdom is.— 
Greene. 

The object of education is, or ought to be, to pro¬ 
vide wise exercise for one’s capacities, wise direc¬ 
tion for his tendencies, and through this exercise 
and this direction to furnish his mind with such 


94 


OUTLINES IN 


knowledge as may contribute to the usefulness, the 
beauty and the nobleness of one’s life.— Tyndall. 

The modern majesty consists in work. What a 
man can do is his greatest ornament, and he always 
consults his dignity by doing it.— Carlyle. 

Life without industry is guilt; and industry with¬ 
out art is brutality.— Raskin's Message. 

No radiant pearl which crested fortune wears, 

No gem that, twinkling, hangs from beauty’s ears, 
Not the bright stars which night’s blue arch adorn, 
Nor rising suns that gild the vernal morn. 

Shine with such luster as the tear that breaks 
For other’s woe, down virtue’s manly cheeks. 

— Darwin. 

Humanity has progressed solely by self-instruc¬ 
tion.— Spencer. 

Since happiness is necessarily the supreme object 
of our desires, and duty the supreme rule of our 
actions, there can be no harmony in our being except 
our happiness coincides with our duty.— Whewell. 

Without consistency there is no moral strength.— 
Owen. 

Science ever has been and ever must be the safe¬ 
guard of religion.— Breivster. 

Nature in her productions, slow, aspires 
By just degrees to reach perfection’s height. 

— Somerville. 

There is no substitute for thoroughgoing, ardent 
and sincere earnestness.— Dickens. 

Life is the soul’s nursery.— Thackeray. 

I believe the first test of a truly great man is his 
humility.— Ruskin. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


95 


Our deeds determine us as much as we determine 
Qur deeds.— George Eliot. 

Remorse is the echo of a lost virtue.— Bulwer- 
Lytton. 

Wherever is love and loyalty, great purposes and 
lofty souls, even though in a hovel or a mine, there 
is fairy-land.— Kingsley . 

Avarice is a weed that will grow in a barren soil. 
— Hughes. 

The first bends of the brook will tell which side 
of the watershed the river will take, and on which 
side of a continent it will meet the ocean, and so 
with life.— Geikie. 

Success treads on the heels of every right effort.— 
Smiles. 

Speak but little and well if you would be esteemed 
as a man of merit.— Trench. 

These three things—work, love, God—form a 
complete life.— Drummond. 

Remember the man who is down. — Drummond. 

Nature’s discipline is not even a word and a blow, 
and the blow first; but the blow without the word. 
It is left for you to find out why your ears are 
boxed.— Huxley. 

The Schoolmaster’s Prayer: Lord, deliver the 
laddies before Thee from lying, cheating, cowardice 
and laziness, which are as the devil. Be pleased to 
put common sense in their hearts, and give them 
grace to be honest men all the days of their life.— 
Ian Maclaren. 

To be honest, to be kind; to earn a little and spend 


96 


OUTLINES IN 


a little less; to make upon the whole a family hap¬ 
pier for his presence; to renounce when that shall 
be necessary and not be embittered; to keep a few 
friends, but these without capitulation. Above all, 
on the same grim conditions, to keep friends with 
himself; here is a task for all that a man has of 
fortitude and delicacy.— R. L. Stevenson. 

A Classified List of Sixty of the Best Books 

Published in 1904 

(Different countries represented.) 

poetry 

Rout of the Amazons; The Centaur’s Body— T. 
Sturge Moore. 

The Fire Bringer— William V. Moody. 

El Dorado— Ridgeley Torrence. 

Sappho— Bliss Carman. 

Music and Other Poems— Henry Van Dyke . 

history and biography 

The French Revolution— Lord Acton. 

Dukes and Poets of Ferrara— Edmund Gardner. 

The Unreformed House of Commons— Edward 
Porrit. 

The American Colonies— Herbert L. Osgood. 

The American Revolution— Sir George Trevel- 
yard. 

Life of Governor Andrew of Massachusetts— 
Henry G. Pearson. 

Herbert Spencer— Autobiography. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


97 


History of Andrew Jackson— Augustus C. Buell. 
The Oligarchy of Venice— George B. McClellan. 
History of the United States and Its People— 
Elroy McKendree Avery. 

The Philippine Islands— Blair and Robinson. 

TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION 

The Russian Advance— A. J. Beveridge. 

North America— Israel C. Russell. 

Italy— W. Deecke. 

Korea— Angus Hamilton. 

New Land: Four Years in the Arctic Regions— 
Otto Sverdrup. 

Further India— Hugh Clifford. 

The Nile Quest— Sir Harry Johnson. 

War and Neutrality in the Far East— T. J. Lazv- 
rence. 

A Handbook of Modern Japan— Ernest W. Clem- 


Double Harness— Anthony Hope. 

Traffics and Discoveries— Rudyard Kipling. 
The Son of Royal Langbrith— W. D. Hozvells. 
The Ladder of Swords— Gilbert Parker. 
Genevra— Charles Marriott. 

The Golden Book— Henry James. 

The Crossing— Winston Churchill. 

The Queen’s Quair— Maurice Hewlitt. 

The Common Lot— Robert Herrick. 

The Sea Wolf— Jack London. 

My Friend Prospero— Henry Harland. 
Dorothea— Maarten Maartens. 


98 


OUTLINES IN 


ECONOMICS—SOCIOLOGY 

Elements of Political Economy—/. Nicholson. 

The Problem of Monopoly— John B. Clark. 

The Theory of Business Enterprise— Thor stein 
Veblin. 

Getting a Living— George L. Bolen. 

Working with the Hands— Booker T. Washing¬ 
ton. 

The Socialization of Humanity— C. K. Franklin. 

Modern Socialism— R. C. K. Ensor. 

POLITICAL SCIENCE 

Actual Government as Applied under American 
Conditions— Albert B. Hart. 

Machiavelli and the Modern' State— Louis Dyer. 

Canada in the Twentieth Century— H. G. Bradley. 

Ethics of Democracy— Louis F. Post. 

RELIGIOUS AND PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS 

Religions of Authority and the Religion of the 
Spirit.— Auguste Sabatier. 

Ultimate Conceptions of Faith— George A. Gor¬ 
don. 

Christian Faith in an Age of Science— William N. 
Rice. 

The Veil of the Temple— William H. Mallock. 

A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the 
Book of Numbers— George B. Gray. 

The Nature of Gbodness— George H. Palmer. 

The Evolution of Theology in the Greek Philoso¬ 
phers— Edward Caird. 


3* i 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


99 


Morals: The Psycho-Sociological Bases of Ethics 
— G. L. Duprat. 

Adolescence— G. Stanley Hall. 

Faith and Morals— Wilhelm Hermann. 

The Wonders of Life— Ernst Haeckel. 

Any teacher desiring a complete list of educa¬ 
tional books published from January, 1902, to May 
1, 1904, should secure a copy of the New York 
School Journal for the week of June 25, 1904. Lists 
of books on every educational subject are given 
with the price of each book and the name of the 
publisher. 


FAMILIAR QUOTATIONS 

Many very familiar expressions and quotations 
are daily used by people who have little knowledge 
of their authors. Here are a few from our English 
friends: 

1. Of two evils I have chosen the least.— Prior. 

2. As clear as a whistle.— Byron. 

3. Out of mind as soon as out of sight.— Lord 
Brooke. 

4. That old man eloquent.— Milton. 

5. All that glitters is not gold.— Shakspere. 

6 . As good as a play.— King Charles. 

7. There’s a good time coming.— Scott. 

8. Pumping a man.— Otway. 

9. Through thick and thin.— Dryden. 

10. Look before you ere you leap.— Butler. 

11. Count their chickens before they’re hatched.— 
Butler. 

12. When Greek meets Greek then comes the tug 
of war.— Nathaniel Lee. 

Lire. 


100 


OUTLINES IN 


13. Ask me no questions and I’ll tell you no fibs. 
—Oliver Goldsmith. 

14. Not much the worse for wear.— Cowper. 

15. Fast and loose.— Shakspere. 

16. When shall we three meet again?— Shaks 
pere. 

17. Go snacks.— Pope. 

18. Screw your courage to the sticking place.— 
Shakspere. 

19. In the wrong box.— Fox. 

20. His (God’s) image cut in ebony.— Thomas 
Fuller. 

21. In spite of your teeth—originated as a resul 
of King John of England ordering the teeth of a 
certain Jew to be drawn, one each day, until he 
would consent to lend the King ten thousand marks. 

22. Robbing Peter to pay Paul—originated dur¬ 
ing the reign of Edward VI. 

A FEW INTERESTING FACTS CONCERNING BOOKS AND 
LIBRARIES 

For simplicity read Burns, Whittier, Bunyan. 

For logic read Plato, Bacon, Burke. 

For action read Scott and Homer. 

For clearness read Macaulay. 

For vivacity read Kipling and Stevenson. 

For imagination read Shakspere and Job. 

For common sense read Franklin. 

For elegance read Virgil, Milton, Arnold. 

For smoothness read Addison and Hawthorne. 
For interest in common things read Jane Austen. 
For sublimity of conception read Milton. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


101 


For conciseness read Bacon and Pope. 

For uplifting humor read Holmes. 

For purity of English read Wordsworth. 

For the love of the human read Hood. 

For the delightful chatter of children read Field. 
For old-fashioned, homely advice read Smiles. 
For culture read Browning. 

For true sublimity, exquisite beauty, pure moral¬ 
ity, elegant poetry, convincing eloquence and whole¬ 
some inspiration read the Bible. 


A Political Pudding 


BY JOSEPHUS BEN-SER 

[We have never seen a more ingenious bit of 
literary work than in taking one line from thirty- 
eight different masterpieces and making one read¬ 
able article. It appeared first in the American.] 
Young. Why all this toil for triumphs of an 

hour ? 

Dr. Johnson. Life’s a short summer; man is but a 
flower. 

Pope. By turn we catch the fatal breath and 

die. 

Prior. The cradle and the tomb, alas! how 

nigh! 

Sewell. To be is better far than not to be, 

Spencer. Though all man’s life may seem a 

tragedy; 

Daniel. But light cares speak when mighty 

griefs are dumb— 

The bottom is but shallow when they 


Raleigh. 


come. 


102 


OUTLINES IN 


Longfellow. 

Southwell. 

Congreve. 

Churchill. 

Rochester. 

Armstrong. 

Milton. 

Bailey. 

French. 

Sommerville. 

Thompson. 

Byron. 

Smollett. 

Crabbe. 

Massinger. 

Crowley. 

Beatty. 

Cowper. 

Devanant. 


Thy fate is the common fate of all; 

Unmingled joys here no man befall; 

Nature to each allots his proper 
sphere, 

Fortune makes folly her peculiar care. 

Custom does not reason overrule, 

And throw a cruel sunshine on a fool. 

Live well; how long or short permit 
to heaven; 

They who forgive most shall be most 
forgiven, 

Sin may be clasped so close we cannot 
see its face— 

Vile intercourse where virtue has no 
place, 

Then keep each passion down, how¬ 
ever dear, 

Thou pendulum betwixt a smile and 
tear. 

Her sensual snares let faithless pleas¬ 
ure lay 

With craft and skill to ruin and be¬ 
tray. 

Soar not too high to fall, but stoop to 
rise; 

We masters grow of all that we de¬ 
spise. 

Oh, then, renounce that impious self¬ 
esteem, 

Riches have wings and grandeur is a 
dream. 

Think not ambition wise because ’tis 
brave, 



ENGLISH LITERATURE. 103 

Gray. 

The paths of glory lead but to the 

Willis. 

grave; 

What is ambition? Tis a glorious 
cheat, 

Addison. 

Only destructive to the brave and 

Dry den. 

great; 

What’s all the gaudy glitter of a 
crown ? 

F. Quarles. 

The way to bliss lies not on beds of 
down. 

Watkins. 

How long we live, not years but ac¬ 
tions tell; 

Herrick. 

That man lives twice who lives the 
first year well. 


Wm. Mason. Make, then, while ye may, your God 


Hill. 

your friend, 

Whom Christians worship, yet not 
comprehend. 

Dana. 

The trust that’s given guard and to 
yourself be just, 


Shakespeare. For live we how we may, yet die we 
must. 
































































AMERICAN LITERATURE. 


1. Meaning of “American Literature/' 

2. Limits. 

3. Sources. 

4. Comparison with that of England. 

5. Paucity of great names. 

6. Periods of development. 

i 2 Colonial Period (1607-1765). 
i 3 Captain John Smith (1^79-1632). 
i 4 A True Account of Virginia. 

2 4 Eight other historical books. 

3 4 Dramatic story of his life. 

2 3 Other annalists. 
i 4 William Strachey. 

2 4 George Percy. 

3 4 John Hlammond. 

3 s Alexander Whitaker. 

i 4 Good News from Virginia. 

4 3 Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672). 

i 4 The Tenth Muse. 

5 3 Controversial writers on theology. 
i 4 Thomas Hooker. 

2 4 John Cotton (1585-1652). 

3 4 Roger Williams (1606-1683). 

i 5 George Fox Digged Out of His Own 
Burrowes. 

2 5 Story of his life. 

4 4 Increase Mather (1639-1723). 

One hundred books. 

5 4 Cotton Mather (1663-1728). 


106 


OUTLINES IN 


i 5 Magnalia. 

6 3 John Eliot (Apostle to the Indians). 
i 4 Bay Psalm Book. 

2 4 Translation of the Bible. 

7 3 William Bradford (1588-1657). 

i 4 History of Plymouth Plantation. 

8 3 John Winthrop (1587-1649). 

i 4 First Governor of Massachusetts and 
President of the United Colonies of 
New England. 

2 4 History of New England. 

9 3 Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758). 
i 4 The Freedom of the Will. 

i 5 A few arguments. 

2 4 The Religious Affections. 

3 4 The Life of David Brainerd. 

4 4 Quotations from his resolutions. 
io 3 Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790). 
i 4 Story of his life. 

2 4 Public services. 

3 4 Poor Richard’s Almanac. 

4 4 Autobiography. 

QUESTIONS ON THE COLONIAL AGE 

1. Who was Michael Wigglesworth ? 

2. What is said of early American poetry? 

3. Who was the first President of Harvard? 
The sixth? 

4. Quote from the New England Primer. 

5. What was the nature of Cotton Mather’s 
works ? 

6. What is the distinction between theological 
and metaphysical thought? 


AMERICAN LITERATURE. 


107 


7. Are Jonathan Edwards’s books popular? 
Why? 

8. Give a few of Edwards’s “Rules of Life.” 

9. What suggested to Shakspere the plot of 
“The Tempest”? 

10. Who was on the English throne in 1607? 

11. What different social elements are repre¬ 
sented by the colonists? 

12. What journalistic work did Franklin do? 

13. What was Lord Berkeley’s attitude on edu¬ 
cation in America ? 

14. Where and when was the first press set up 
in America? 

15. What formed the subject matter of nearly all 
early American literature? 

16. Who established a settlement called Merry 
Mount, and later wrote “The New England Ca¬ 
naan” ? 

17. What books were suggested to later authors 
by Merry Mount? 

18. Who wrote the “Simple Cobbler of Agga- 
wam” ? 

19. Give from memory six quotations from 
Franklin. 

20. When were these colleges founded: Yale, 
Harvard, William and Mary’s? Where is each, 
and what is the present endowment ? 

2“ The Revolutionary Period. 

i 3 Conditions. 

? 3 Distinction between Revolution and Refor¬ 
mation. 

3 3 Writers. 

i 4 Thomas Paine (1737-1809). 


108 


OUTLINES IN 


i 5 The Crisis. 

2 5 Common Sense. 

3 5 The Rights of Man. 

4 5 The Age of Reason. 

2 4 The Makers of the Nation. 

i 5 Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826). 
i 6 Sketch. 

2° Declaration of Independence. 

3 6 Notes on Virginia. 

4 6 Full story of public service. 

2 5 Alexander Hamilton (1757-1804). 
i 6 Policies of which he is author. 
i 7 National Banking system. 

2 7 Protective Tariff. 

2 6 Public service. 

3 6 Essays. 

3 5 John Marshall (1755-1835). 
i 6 Official work. 

2° Life of Washington. 

4 5 Jay, Madison, Adams. 

i 6 Essential facts regarding each. 

5 5 William Wirt (1772-1834). 
(Attorney-General.) 

i 6 Life of Patrick Henry; The British 
Spy; The Old Bachelor. 

3 4 Poets. 

i 5 John Trumbull. 

i 6 McFingal (the only successful rival 
of the Biglow Papers). 

2 5 Joel Barlow—The Columbiad. 

3 5 Philip Frenan—Patriotic Rhymes. 

4 5 Joseph Hopkinson—Hail Columbia. 


AMERICAN LITERATURE. 


109 


5 5 Timothy Dwight—Columbia. 

(The Wit of Harvard.) 

4 4 Novelist: Charles Brockclen Brown 
(1771-1810). 

I 5 Arthur Mervyn. 

2 5 Wieland. 

QUESTIONS ON THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 

1. What was the first newspaper published in 
America ? 

2. What paper was founded by Franklin? 

3. What inventions were made by Franklin? 

4. What was the State’s Rights Doctrine, and 
by whom advocated? 

5. Who was the first American novelist? 

6. What great document did Franklin sign? 

7. What was the distinctive characteristic of 
the Colonial Period? Revolutionary? 

8. Who were four prominent orators of the lat¬ 
ter period ? 

9. Who really wrote many of the stirring 
speeches attributed to Patrick Henry? 

10. In which of Mr. Longfellow's poems is the 
story of the Revolutionary uprising told? 

11. Who said: ‘‘These are the times that try 
men’s souls”? 

12. What is peculiar about it? 

13. Who wrote. “The Federalist Series”? 

14. What influence had these papers? 

15. Why was this period not favorable to pure 
literature ? 

16. Did religion suffer any enduring harm from 
the writings of “Tom” Paine? 


110 


OUTLINES IN 


17. Who was the Father of the Constitution? 

18. What great jurists belong to this period? 

19. Was Thomas Jefferson a literary man? 

20. For what purpose did Paine publish “The 
Rights of Man”? 

21. Hpw many books were written by George 
Washington, and how are they classed? 

THE NATIONAL PERIOD (1800—). 

I. The New York Writers (1809-1832). 

I 2 Washington Irving (1783-1859). 
i 3 His early life. 

2 3 Rank. 

3 3 Works. 

i 3 Magazine— Salmagundi. 
i 4 Purpose. 

2 3 Knickerbocker HEstory of New York. 

3 3 Sketch Book. 

4 3 Bracebridge Hall. 

5 3 Tales of a Traveller. 

6 3 Life of Columbus. 

7 3 Alhambra. 

8 3 Conquest of Granada. 

2 2 James K. Paulding (1779-1860). 

I s Irving’s assistant on Salmagundi. 

2 3 Secretary of the Navy. 

3 3 The Dutchman’s Fireside; John Bull and 
Brother Jonathan. 

3 2 James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851). 
i 3 Travels. 

2 3 Early writings. 

3 3 Leatherstocking Tales. 


AMERICAN LITERATURE. 


Ill 


I 4 Order for reading: 

I 5 The Deerslayer. 

2 5 Last of the Mohicans. 

3 5 The Pathfinder. 

4 5 The Pioneer. 

5 5 The Prairie. 

4 3 Sea Tales. 

i 4 The Pilot (John Paul Jones). 

2 4 The Spy. 

3 4 Two Admirals. 

4 4 Wing and Wing. 

5 4 Red Rover. 

4 2 Joseph Rodman Drake (1795-1820). 
I 3 The Culprit Fay. 

2 3 The American Flag. 

5 2 Fitz-Greene Halleck (1790-1867). 
i 3 Marco Bozzaris. 

2 3 Fanny. 

3 3 . Red Jacket. 

6 s William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878J. 
i 3 Full sketch. 

2 3 Early Poems. 
i 4 Thanatopsis. 

2 4 The Embargo. 

3 3 Later poems. 

i 4 To a Waterfowl. 

2 4 The Death of the Flowers. 

3 4 The Flood of Years. 

4 3 Translations. 

5 3 Magazine work. 


112 


OUTLINES IN 


QUESTIONS 

1. Who were known as the Pleiades of Con¬ 
necticut ? 

2. What book did Irving write for John Jacob 
Astor ? 

3. What foreign offices were filled by Irving? 

4. What places have been rendered immortal by 
him ? 

5. Who is called the Father of American Liter¬ 
ature ? 

6. What was the romance of his life? 

7. What were the qualities of Irving’s life? 

8. What is the meaning of the word Thanatop- 
sisf 

9. Quote from the poem. 

10. What is known as the Knickerbocker School ? 

11. Who wrote the Croaker Poems? W 

12. Who was called the American Scott? 

13. What are Cooper’s glaring faults? 

14. Compare Scott and Cooper. 

15. What was Irving’s own estimate of his work? 
(See Hawthorne and Lemmon.) 

16. Where is Sunnyside? 

17. Quote from Irving. 

18. What is your opinion of Thanatopsis? 

19. Why should every lover of literature read 
Irving ? 

20. What eminent actor is especially noted for 
his presentation of Rip Van Winkle ? 

The Unitarian Group. 

1. Henry Clav (1777-1852). 

2. Daniel Webster (1782-1852). 


AMERICAN LITERATURE. 


113 


I 2 Eulogy of Adams and Jefferson. 

2 2 Reply to Hayne. 

3. The Everetts. 

i 2 Alexander (1792-1847). 

2 2 Edward (1794-1862). 

i 3 Editor of North American Review. 

2 3 President of Harvard. 

4. Rufus Choate (1799-1859). 

5. Robert Hayne (1791-1839). 

6. John C. Calhoun (1782-1850). 

T ranscendentalists. 

1. Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882). 

I 2 Sketch. 

2 2 Rank. 

3 2 Lectures. 

4 2 Writings. 

i 3 Representative Men. 

2 3 English Traits. 

3 3 The American Scholar. 

4 3 Nature. 

5 3 Essays. 

2. Amos Bronson Alcott (1799-1888). 
i 2 Concord Days. 

2 2 Table Talk. 

3. David Thoreau (1817-1862). 
i 2 Peculiarities. 

2 2 Character of his works. 

3 2 Walden; A Week on the Concord. 

4. Margaret Fuller Ossoli (1810-1850). 
i 2 Woman in the Nineteenth Century. 

5. Theodore Parker (1810-1860). 

I 2 Lessons from the World of Matter and the 
World of Man. 


114 


OUTLINES IN 


2 2 Historic Americans. 

Poe and the Anti-Slavery Writers. 

1. Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849). 

I 2 Sketch. 

2 2 Tales. 

1 3 The Gold Bug; The Black Cat; Detective 

Stories; The Murders of the Rue 
Morgue. 

2 2 Poems. 

1 4 The Raven. 

2 4 Annabel Lee. 

3 4 The Bells. 

4 4 Israfel. 

2. William Lloyd Garrison (1805-1879). 
i 2 The Liberator. 

3. Charles Sumner (1811-1874). 
i 2 Popularity. 

2 2 Works—fifteen volumes. 

4. Wendell Phillips (1811-1884). 

5. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1812-1896). 
i 2 Archy Moore. 

2 2 Uncle Tom’s Cabin. 

3 2 Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin. 

4 2 Other books. 

6. John Greenleaf Whittier (1807-1892). 
i 2 Life. 

2 2 Legends of New England. 

3 2 Voices of Freedom. 

4 2 Snow Bound. 

5 2 Maud Muller; The Barefoot Boy. 

7. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882). 

(Our Favorite.) 

I 2 Sketch. 


AMERICAN LITERATURE. 


115 


2 2 Translations. 

3 2 Poems. 

I 3 Principal. 
i 4 Evangeline. 

2 4 Hiawatha. 

3 4 Courtship of Miles Standish. 

4 4 Tales of a Wayside Inn. 

2 3 Shorter. 

i 4 The Psalm of Life. 

2 4 The Children’s Hour. 

3 4 The Bridge. 

4 2 Prose. 

i 3 Outre-Mer. 

2 3 Hyperion. 

5 2 Honors. 

8. Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894). 
i 2 Sketch. 

2 2 Prose. 

i 3 Autocrat of the Breakfast Table. 

2 3 Professor at the Breakfast Table. 

3 3 Poet at the Breakfast Table. 

4 3 Over the Teacups. 

5 3 Elsie Venner; The Guardian Angel 
(novels). 

3 2 Poetry. 

i 3 The Chambered Nautilus. 

2 3 Old Ironsides. 

3 3 The Wonderful One-Hoss Shay. 

9. James Russell Lowell (1819-1891). 

(Critic, Essayist, Poet.) 
i 2 Public service. 

2 2 Editorship. 

3 2 Poems. 


116 


OUTLINES IN 


i 3 Vision of Sir Launfal. 

2 3 Biglow Papers. 

3 s Fable for Critics. 

4 3 Commemoration Ode. 

4 2 Prose. 

I 3 My Study Windows. 

2 3 Among My Books. 

3 8 Fireside Travels. 

GENERAL QUESTIONS 

1. What is the meaning of Poe’s “Raven”? 

2. Tell the story of Poe’s sad life. 

3. What English poets belong to Poe’s class? 

4. State the cause and effect of Hawthorne’s se¬ 
clusion. 

5. What was the famous Brook Farm experi¬ 
ment ? 

6. Who were its projectors? 

7. What was done. with Hawthorne’s manu¬ 
script of “The Dolliver Romance”? 

8. What were the causes of the New England 
Awakening? 

9. Define Transcendentalism; Unitarianism. 

10. What poem did Holmes pronounce his best? 

11. Characterize the writings of Holmes, Lowell. 
Emerson, Longfellow. 

12. What criticisms are passed upon Holmes’s 
prose works, especially his novels? 

13. Who was called “The Poet of Morbid Anat¬ 
omy” ? 

14. Name five of Emerson’s essays and quote 
from two or more. 

15. Who wrote “The Tent on the Beach”? 


AMERICAN LITERATURE. 


117 


16. Why did Whittier never become a great 
scholar ? 

17. What was the fate of Margaret Fuller? x 

18. Were John Alden and Priscilla Mullens real 
characters ? 

19. Who called the Boston State House the Hub 
of the Solar System? 

20. What suggested “Old Ironsides”? 

21. What was the Holy Grail? 

22. Tell the story of Sir Launfal and quote from 
the poem. 

23. Who founded the Atlantic Monthly? 

24. Of what rhetorical figure is “The Bells” a 
good example? 

25. What writers were called the “Five Friends”? 

Writers of American History. 

1. William Hickling Prescott (1796-1859). 
i 2 Ancestry. 

2 2 Misfortunes. 

3 2 Travel. 

4 2 Books. 

i 3 Ferdinand and Isabella. 

2 3 Conquest of Mexico. 

3 3 Conquest of Peru. 

4 3 History of Philip II. 

2. George Bancroft (18001891). 
i 2 Studies abroad. 

2 2 Public service. 

* 3 2 Life Work—History of the United States. 

3. John Lathrop Motley (1814-1877). 

(Greatest American Historian.) 
i 2 Novels—Morton’s Hope, Merry Mount. 


118 


OUTLINES IN 


2 2 Rise and Fall of the Dutch Republic. 

3 2 History of the United Netherlands. 

4 2 Life and Death of John Barneville. 

4. Francis Parkman (1823-1893). 
i 2 The Oregon Trail. 

2 2 France and England in America. 

3 2 Conspiracy of Pontiac. 

5. Jared Sparks (1789-1866). 

I 2 Edited the writings of George Washington 
and Benjamin Franklin; Life of Gouver- 
neur Morris. 

6. John Fiske (1842-1901). 
i 2 The Destiny of Man. 

2 2 American Politics. 

3 2 American History. 

4 2 Myths and Mythmakers. 

7. John Bach McMaster (born 4852). 

I 2 Life of Benjamin Franklin. 

2 2 History of the United States. 

8. Gen.U. S. Grant (1822^1885). 
i 2 Personal Memoirs. 

9. Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865). 
i 2 Gettysburg Address. 

2 2 Inaugural Address. 

10. Other historians. 

i 2 Benson J. Lossing (1813-1892). 

2 2 Horace E. Scudder (born 1838). 

3 2 Thomas Wentworth Higginson (born 1823). 
4 2 John G. Shea (1824-1892). 

5 2 Jefferson Davis (1808-1889). 


AMERICAN LITERATURE. 


119 


GENERAL QUESTIONS 

1. Who was Motley’s biographer? 

2. What positions abroad did Motley fill? 

3. Who was Jared Sparks? 

4. Who was Prescott’s biographer? 

5. Why is Lincoln’s Gettysburg address held in 
such high regard? 

6. What history was published by George Tick- 
nor ? 

7. What are the essential qualities of an his¬ 
torian ? 

8. In what sense are Grant and Lincoln to be 
mentioned among historians? 

9. Who was Richard Hildreth? 

10. Tell something of the wonderful patience of 
Motley, Bancroft, and Parkman. 

11. What misfortune befell Prescott? 

12. Who wrote ‘‘The Rise and Fall of the Confed¬ 
erate Government”? 

13. Who is the historian of the Pacific States? 
(H. H. Bancroft.) 

14. What is the best method for the study of 
history ? 

15. Where is McMaster now working (1905) ? 

Holland, Taylor, and the Critic Poets. 

1. Josiah Gilbert Holland (1819-1881). 

(Poet, Moralist, Editor.) 

I 2 The Timothy Titcomb Letters. 

2 2 Arthur Bonnicastle. 

3 2 Gold Foil. 

4 2 Editorials in Scribner's (now The Cen¬ 
tury). 


120 


OUTLINES IN 


5 2 Katrina; Bitter Sweet (poems). 

2. Bayard Taylor (1825-1878). 
i 2 Remarkable life. 

2 2 Works. 
i 3 Travels. 
i 4 El Dorado. 

2 4 Views Afoot. 

3 4 Byways of Europe. 

2 3 Novels. 

i 4 Story of Kennet. 

2 4 Hannah Thurston. 

3 3 Poems. 
i 4 Lars. 

2 4 Masque of the Gods. 

3 4 Song of the Camp. 

4 4 Bedouin Love Song. 

4 3 Others. 

i 4 Translation of Faust. 

2 4 Studies in German Literature. 

3. The Critics. 

i 2 Northern Group. 

i 3 Edmund Clarence Stedman (born 1833). 
i 4 Business Interests. 

2 4 Lectures. 

3 4 Books. 

i 5 Poets of-America. ___ 

2 5 Victorian Poets. 

3 5 Pan in Wall Street. 

4 5 What the Winds Bring. 

5 5 The Doorstep. 

2 3 Richard Henry Stoddard (1825-1903). 
i 4 The Late English Poets. 

2 4 Loves and Heroines of the Poets. 


AMERICAN LITERATURE. 


121 


3 4 It Never Comes Again. 

3 3 Thomas Bailey Aldrich (born 1836). 
i 4 Baby Bell. 

2 4 The Bells. 

3 4 The Story of a Bad Boy. 

4 4 Marjorie Daw. 

4 3 Richard Watson Gilder (born 1844). 
i 4 Editor of the Century Magazine. 

2 4 The New Day. 

3 4 The Poet and His Master. 

4 4 The Great Remembrance. 

5 4 The Celestial Passion. 

2 2 Southern Group. 

i 3 Sidney Lanier (1842-1881). 
i 4 His sad history. 

2 4 Love of literature. 

3 4 Lectures. 

4 4 Works. 

i 5 The English Novel. 

2 5 Science of English Verse. 

3 5 The Boys’ King Arthur. 

4 5 The Marshes of Glynn. 

5 5 Song of the Chattahoochee. 

6 5 My Springs. 

2 3 Paul Hamilton Hayne (1830-1886). 
i 4 Battle of King’s Mountain. 

2 5 Love’s Autumn. 

3 5 Face to Face, and others. 

3 3 Maurice Thompson (1844-1901). 
i 4 Hbosier Mosaics. 

2 4 Sylvan Secrets. 

3 4 Byways and Bird Notes. 

4 4 Ethics of Literary . Art. 


122 


OUTLINES IN 


4 3 Henry Timrod (1829-1867). 
i 4 A Mother’s Wail. 

2 4 Spring. 

“The Innovators.” 

i 2 Meaning of the term. 

2- Authors. 

i 3 Francis Bret Harte (1839-1905). 
i 4 The Heathen Chinee. 

2 4 The Luck of Roaring Camp. 

3 4 The Outcasts of Poker Flat.. 

4 4 The Greyport Legend. 

5 4 Dow’s Flat. 

2 3 Walt Whitman (1819-1892). 
i 4 Leaves of Grass. 

2 4 November Boughs. 

3 4 My Captain, O My Captain ! (Best sin¬ 
gle piece.) 

* 3 3 “J oa( l u i n ” Miller (Cincinnatus Hiner 
Miller) (born 1841). 
i 4 Songs of the Sierras. 

2 4 Songs of the Soul. 

3 4 Songs of the Snowlands. 

4 3 Henry James (born 1843). 
i 4 Story of his life. 

2 4 The Portrait of a Lady. 

3 4 Watch and Ward. 

4 4 The Bostonians. 

5 4 The Tragedians. 

5 3 William Dean Howells (born 1837). 
i 4 Sketch. 

2 4 A Foregone Conclusion. 

3 4 Venetian Days. 

4 4 The Mousetrap. 


AMERICAN LITERATURE. 


123 


5 4 Literary Acquaintances. 

6 3 Frank Richard Stockton (1834-1902). 
i 4 Rudder Grange. 

2 4 The Lady or the Tiger. 

3 4 The Late Mrs. Null. 

4 4 The Hundredth Man. 

5* The Great War Syndicate. 

QUESTIONS ON THE INNOVATORS 

1. What first brought Bret Harte into notice? 

2. What is prophesied concerning Whitman’s 
style ? 

3. What is peculiar about his style? 

4. Who is the most popular of this group ? 

5. Concerning whom was “My Captain, O My 
Captain!” written ? 

6. -Compare “Lars” with ^‘Evangeline.” 

7. To what is Harte’s popularity due? 

8. In what does the real innovation of Henry 
James lie? 

9. What is Howells’s best book? In what does 
it excel? 

10. What is his theory of realism ? 

11. Is Whitman a representative of democracy? 

12. What is the story of “The Lady or the 
Tiger”? 

Critics Not Classified in Other Lists. 

1. E. P. Whipple (1819-1886). 
i 2 Literature and Life. 

2 2 Literature of the Age of Elizabeth. 

2. Richard Grant White (1821-1885). 
i 2 Life of Shakespeare. 

2 2 Words and Their Uses. 


124 


OUTLINES IN 


3. Agnes Repplier. 
i 2 Essays in Idleness. 

2 2 Books and Men. 

GENERAL QUESTIONS 

1. Who wrote “She Stoops to Conquer”? 

2. What place in literature was held by Eugene 
Field? 

3. Who is Fred Emerson Brooks? Edmund 
Vance Cook? 

4. Who is regarded as the foremost American 
poet of the present time? 

5. May we hope that American literature will 
ever attain the high rank of English literature? 

6. What do you know of Rudyard Kipling ? 

7. Who is the Hoosier Poet:* 

^ * 

8. What position is held by E. E. Hale at pres¬ 
ent (1905)? 

9. What is the rating of John Hay to-day? 

10. Who are the foremost naturalists of to-day? 

11. Why do the names of such men as Beecher, 
Talmage, Phillips Brooks, and H’odge not appear in 
our works on literature? 

12. Who wrote “To a Fringed Gentian”? 

13. How many standard books are written in a 
year? 

14. Who were the members of the Concord 
Group ? 

15. What and where is “Slabsides”? 

Essayists—Scientists—Naturalists. 

(a) 1. Charles Dudley Warner (born 1829). 
i 2 Back Log Studies, 


AMERICAN LITERATURE. 


125 


2 2 My Winter on the Nile. 

3 2 My Summer in a Garden. 

4 2 Being a Boy. 

2. George William Curtis (1824-1892). 
i 2 Nile Notes of a Howadji. 

2 2 Potiphar Papers. 

3 2 Prue and I. 

3. Donald G. Mitchell (Ik Marvel) (1822—). 
i 2 Reveries of a Bachelor. 

2 2 Dream Life. 

3 2 My Farm at Edgewood. 

4. Edward Everett Hale (born 1822). 
i 2 The Man Without a Country. 

2 2 If, Yes, and Perhaps. 

3 2 In His Name. 

1. John Burroughs (born 1837). 
i 2 Wake Robin. 

2 2 Winter Sunshine. 

3 2 Signs and Seasons. 

4 2 Indoor Studies. 

2. John James Audubon (1750-1851). 
i 2 Birds of America. 

2 2 Quadrupeds of America. 

3. Henry D. Thoreau (1817-1862). 
i 2 Classified elsewhere. 

4. Louis Jean Rudolph Agassiz (1807-1873). 
i 2 Methods of Study in Natural History. 

2 2 A Journey in Brazil. 

5. Asa Gray (1810-1888). 
i 2 How Plants Grow. 

2 2 Flora of North America. 

6. Ernest Thompson-Seton. 

i 2 Wild Animals I Have Known. 


126 


OUTLINES IN 


2 2 Biography of a Grizzly. 

7. William J. Long. 

1 2 Wood Folk Series (Four Books). 

8. Edward F. Bigelow. 

Science Editor of St. Nicholas. 

Women Singers of America. 

1. Alice Carey (1820-1870). 
i 2 Pictures of Memory. 

2. Phoebe Carey (1824-1871). 
i 2 Nearer Home. 

3. Helen Hunt Jackson (1831-1885). 

I 2 Story of her life. 

2 2 Place of burial. 

3 2 Works. 

1 3 A Century of Dishonor. 

2 3 Ramona. 

3 s Verses. 

4. Emma Lazarus (1849-1887). 

I 2 Emerson’s Influence. 

2 2 Poetry and Translations. 
i 3 Songs of a Semite. 

2 3 The Dance to Death. 

3 3 The Spagnoletto. 

5. Elizabeth Stuart Ward (born 1844). 
i 2 The Gates Ajar. 

2 2 An Old Maid’s Paradise. 

3 2 The Struggle for Immortality. 

6. Celia Thaxter (1836-1894). 
i 2 The Isle of Shoals. 

2 2 Driftwood. 

3 2 The Sandpiper. 

7. Lucy Larcom (1826-1893). 
i 2 Childhood Songs. 


AMERICAN LITERATURE. 


127 


2 2 Wild Roses from Cape Ann. 

. 8. Others of less importance. 

i 2 Margaret Deland of Pennsylvania. 

2 2 Nora Perry. 

3 2 Rose Terry Cooke. 

4 2 Elaine Goodale. 

5 2 Margaret Preston of Virginia. 

GENERAL QUESTIONS 

1. Who is the most distinguished of our woman 
poets ? 

2. What work did she accomplish among the 
Indians ? 

3. What was the life work of Emma Lazarus? 

4. Tell the story of Lucy Larcom’s life. 

5. What is Phoebe Carey’s best-known hymn? 

American Humorists 

1. Artemus Ward (Charles F. Browne) 1837- 

1867). 

i 2 Artemus Ward, His Book. 

2 2 Artemus Ward In London. 

2. Mark Twain (Samuel L. Clemens) (born 1835). 
i 2 Innocents Abroad. 

2 2 Roughing It. 

3 2 Tom Sawyer. 

4 2 The Prince and the Pauper. 

3. Bill Nye (Edgar W. Nye) (18501896). 
i 2 Bill Nye and the Boomerang. 

2 2 The Forty Lions. 

4. Josh Billings (H. W. Shaw) (1818-1885). 

I 2 Sayings of Josh Billings. 

2 2 Farmer’s Almanac. 


128 


OUTLINES IN 


5. Mrs. Partington (B. P. Shillaber) (1814-90). 
i 2 Life and Sayings of Mrs. Partington. 

6. Robert J. Burdettd (born 1844). 

i 2 Lecture—The Rise and Fall of the Mustache. 
2 2 Paragraphs. 

QUESTIONS 

1. What is the philosophy of humor? How 
does it differ from wit? 

2. In what did the humor of Artemus Ward 
consist ? 

3. What is the tendency of humor ? 

4. How did Clemens get the name of “Mark 
Twain”? 

5. Are the works of the majority of humorists 
worthy of preservation ? 

6. Compare the humor of H6fmes with that of 
Billings. Is there any reasonable comparison? 

7. Are the American people too serious? 

8. Give the names of three reputable humorous 
magazines. 

Dialect Writers 

1. George W. Cable (born 1844). 

(Creole Dialect.) 
i 2 Madame Delphine. 

2 2 Bonaventure. 

3 2 The Grandissimes. 

4 2 Dr. Levier. 

2. Thomas Nelson Page (born 1853). 

(Negro Dialect.) 

I 2 Marse Chan. 

2 2 Meh Lady. 

3 2 Two Little Confederates. 


AMERICAN LITERATURE. 


129 


3. Joel Chandler Harris. 

(Georgia Negro Dialect.) 
i 2 Uncle Remus Stories. 

2 2 At Teague Poteet’s. 

3 2 Trouble on Lost Mountain. 

4 2 Free Joe. 

4. Richard Malcolm Johnston (born 1822). 

(“Cracker” Dialect.) 

I 2 The Dukesborough Tales. 

5. Mary Noailles Murfree (Charles Egbert Crad¬ 

dock) (born 1850). 

(Tennessee Mountain Dialect.) 

I 2 In the Tennessee Mountains. 

2 2 In the Clouds. 

3 2 Down the Ravine. 

6. Edward Eggleston. 

(Hloosier Dialect.) 
i 2 The Hoosier Schoolmaster. 

2 2 The Hoosier Schoolboy. 

3 2 Roxy. 

4 2 The Graysons. 

5 2 Young Folks’ History. 

7. John Esten Cooke (1830-1886). 
i 2 Surry of Eagle’s Nest. 

2 2 Hilt to Hilt. 

8. James Whitcomb Riley (born 1853). 

(Hoosier Dialect.) 

I 2 Neighborly Poems. 

2 2 Old-Fashioned Roses. 

3 2 Home Folks. 


130 


OUTLINES IN 


Other Novelists and Story Tellers 

1. F. Marion Crawford (born 1845). 
i 2 A Roman Singer. 

2 2 Mr. Isaacs. 

3 2 Katherine Lauderdale. 

2. Hjalmer Hjorth Boyesen (1848-1895). 
i 2 Stories for young folks. 

2 2 Gunnar. 

3 2 Tales from Two Hemispheres. 

3. Amelia Barr (born 1831). 
i 2 Jan Vedder’s Wife. 

2 2 A Daughter of Fife. 

3 2 A Bow of Orange Ribbon. 

4. Frances Hodgson Burnett (born 1849). 
i 2 That Lass o’ Lowrie’s. 

2 2 A Fair Barbarian. 

3 2 A Lady of Quality. 

4 2 Little Lord Fauntleroy. 

5 2 Sara Crewe. 

5. Edward Pay son Roe (1838-1887). 
i 2 Barriers Burned Away. 

2 2 From Jest to Earnest. 

3 2 Opening a Chestnut Burr. 

6. Julian Hawthorne (born 1846). 
i 2 Fortune’s Fool. 

2 2 Noble Blood. 

3 2 Biography of Nathaniel Hawthorne and Hi 
Wife. 

7. Brander Matthews (Arthur Penn) (born-1852) 
i 2 Professor of Literature in Columbia Uni 

versity. 

2 s Dramas. 


■ AMERICAN LITERATURE. 


131 


3 2 The Theatres of Paris. 

4 2 A Secret of the Sea. 

5 2 Introduction to American Literature. 

8. Lewis Wallace (1827-1904). 
i 2 Ben Hur. 

2 2 The Prince of India. 

3 2 The Fair God. 

Other Authors Worthy of Mention 

1. Will Carleton (born 1845). 

i 2 Over the Hill to the Poorhouse. 

2 2 Farm Ballads, City Ballads, City Legends. 

2. John Hay (born 1839). 
i 2 Life of Lincoln. 

2 2 Pike County Ballads. 

3. John G. Saxe (1816-1887). 
i 2 The Proud Miss McBride. 

2 2 Riding on the Rail. 

3 2 The Briefless Barrister. 

4. John B. O’Reilly (1844-1890). 
i 2 Songs of Southern Seas. 

2 2 The Statues in the Block. 

5. Fitz-James O’Brien (1828-1862). 
i 2 The Diamond Lens. 

2 2 The Wondersmith. 

3 2 My Wife’s Tempter. 

6. Sarah Orne Jewett (born 1849). 
i 2 Deephaven. 

2 2 By-Ways. 

7. Henry Harland (Sydney Luska) (born 1861). 
i 2 Mrs. Peixada. 

2 2 The Yoke of the Thorah. 

8. Rebecca Harding Davis (born 1831). 


132 


OUTLINES IN 


i 2 Life in the Iron Mills. 

2~ Margaret Howth. 

9. Abigail Dodge (Gail Hamilton) (1838-1896). 
i 2 A New Atmosphere. 

2 2 The Battle of the Books. 

10. Herman Melville (1819-1891). 
i 2 Typee. 

2 2 Omoo. 

3 2 White Jacket. 

4 2 Moby Dick. 

11. Richard Henry Dana (1815-1882). 
i 2 Two Years Before the Mast. 

12. Mrs. Elizabeth Stoddard (1823-1902). 
i 2 Two Men. 

2 2 Temple House. 

3 2 The Morgesons. 

Writers for Children 

1. Jacob Abbott (1803-1879). 
i 2 Rollo Books. 

2 2 Lucy Books. 

2. J. T. Trowbridge (born 1827). 
i 2 Neighbor Jackwood. 

2 2 Cud jo’s Cave. 

3 2 Lucy Arlyn. 

4 2 Phil and His Friends. 

3. Louisa M. Alcott (1832-1888). 
i 2 Little Men. 

2- Little Women. 

3 2 An Old-Fashioned Girl. 

4. Eugene Field (1850-1895). 

(Journalist.) 

i 2 A Little Book of Western Verse. 


AMERICAN LITERATURE. 


133 


2 2 With Trumpet and Drum. 

5. Jane Andrews. 

i 2 Seven Little Sisters. 

6. Kate Douglas Wiggin. 
i 2 Patsy. 

2 2 Timothy’s Quest. 

3 2 Bird’s Christmas Carol. 

4 2 Some books for older people. 

7. Hezekiah Butterworth (born 1839). 
i 2 Zigzag Journeys. 

2 2 The Patriot Schoolmaster. 

8. Mrs. Prentiss (1818-1878). 
i 2 Stepping Heavenward. 

2 2 Flower of the Family. 

9. Horace E. Scudder (1838-1902). 
i 2 Dream Children. 

2- Bodley Books. 

10. Mrs. A. D. T. Whitney (born 1824). 

I 2 Faith Gartney’s Girlhood. 

Memory Gems 

The riches of the Commonwealth 

Are free-, strong minds and hearts of health; 

And more to her than gold or grain, 

The cunning hand and cultured brain. 

— Whittier. 

Stillness of person and steadiness of features are 
signal marks of good breeding.— Holmes. 

No man can do an unmanly thing without inflict¬ 
ing an injury on the whole human race.—/. G. 
Holland. 

If you are about to strive for your life, take with 


134 OUTLINES IN AMERICAN LITERATURE. 

you a stout heart and a clean conscience, and trust 
the rest to God.— Cooper. 

Education alone can conduct us to that enjoyment 
which is, at once, best in quality and infinite in 
quantity.— Horace Mann. 

Out of your own self should come your theme, 
and only thus can your genius be your friend.— 
Emerson. 

Thought, in its true sense, is an energy of in¬ 
tellect.— Channing. 

Not what we would, but what we must, makes up 
the sum of living.— Stoddard. 

Learn to live and live to learn, 

Ignorance like a fire doth burn, 

Little tasks make large return. 

—Bayard Taylor. 
They are slaves who dare not be 
In the right with two or three. 

— Lowell. 

All are architects of Fate, 

Working in these walls of time; 

Some with massive deeds and great, 

Some with ornaments of rhyme. 

— Longfellow. 









































I 















































































% 













JUL 12 190‘ 













































































































































































4 


+ * 





✓ 


* 


i 


4 








t 

4 


« 







* 


\ 





































* 












/• * V, 





t 







Original 

Book 


Classroom 

Experience 


FIRST STEPS 


IN 


ENGLISH COMPOSITION 


FOR 

GRAMMAR AND HIGH SCHOOLS, 
SEMINARIES AND COLLEGES 

by H. C. PETERSON, PH. D. 

Of the Crane Manual Training High School, Chicago, Illinois, 

About 128 pages. Price, Postpaid# 35 Cents. 


I 


This very valuable and decidedly unique manual for pupils and teachers is 
believed to be the welcome solution of a problem that has long troubled 
teachers in our Grammar and High Schools, Academies, Seminaries and 
Colleges. 

The general plan of the book is seen in the Table of Contents on the 
other side of this sheet. The method was born of classroom needs. It is so 
simple, so bright, so practical, and so pleasantly productive of original work 
composition writing and in the orderly and correct presentation of thougl 
that it will be hailed with delight by pupil and teacher alike. A Professor 
English in one of our Universities says of the manuscript: 

“ It is the brightest and happiest plan I have yet seen!' 


A. FLANAGAN CO., Publishers 
Chicago, Ill. 




































































